When ‘push’ does not come to ‘shove’: Revisiting ‘faster is slower’ in collective egress of human crowds

Haghani, Milad; Sarvi, Majid; Shahhoseini, Zahra

doi:10.1016/j.tra.2019.02.007

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In light of the findings in [16], where the presence of hurried individuals in the crowd led to fast and slow phases of exit, it is possible that a comparatively smaller crowd as in our experiments experienced the onset of a slow phase. Note that we do not attribute the slowing down of rush individuals as their proportion within the group increased to the faster-is-slower effect, which even though has been shown to occur in many particle systems [25], was recently found to manifest only in the presence of pushing [26]. Similarly, it is worth commenting that the increased exit speed for no-rush individuals cannot be attributed to pushing from rush agents because they were instructed to not do so and we did not observe any such activity during the evacuation except when they huddled near the exit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Speed modulated social influence in evacuating pedestrian crowds

Lee¹,

Bhatia²,

Brynjarsdóttir³

et al. 2020

Coll Dyn

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Evacuation is a complex social phenomenon with individuals tending to exit a confined space as soon as possible. Social factors that influence an individual include collision avoidance and conformity with others with respect to the tendency to exit. While collision avoidance has been heavily focused on by the agent-based models used frequently to simulate evacuation scenarios, these models typically assume that all agents have an equal desire to exit the scene in a given situation. It is more likely that, out of those who are exiting, some are patient while others seek to exit as soon as possible. Here, we experimentally investigate the effect of different proportions of patient (no-rush) versus impatient (rush) individuals in an evacuating crowd of up to 24 people. Our results show that a) average speed changes significantly for individuals who otherwise tended to rush (or not rush) with both type of individuals speeding up in the presence of the other; and b) deviation rate, defined as the amount of turning, changes significantly for the rush individuals in the presence of no-rush individuals. We then seek to replicate this effect with Helbing's social force model with the twin purposes of analyzing how well the model fits experimental data, and explaining the differences in speed in terms of model parameters. We find that we must change the interaction parameters for both rush and no-rush agents depending on the condition that we are modeling in order to fit the model to the experimental data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Speed modulated social influence in evacuating pedestrian crowds

Lee¹,

Bhatia²,

Brynjarsdóttir³

et al. 2020

Coll Dyn

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“…In addition, the resulting density and movement speed are sensitive to the position of the measurement area and a valid time interval for the analysis. Nevertheless, the described methods are a proven approach for analysis and have been used in many prior studies, for instance in Germany, 4,53,54,57–71 Australia 72–77 Japan, 78–80 Palestine 81 and China 31–33,82,83 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of individual impairments in crowd dynamics

et al. 2020

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Summary The importance of empirical relations to quantify the movement of pedestrians through a facility has increased during the last decades since performance‐based design methods became more common. Bottlenecks are of special interest because of their importance for egress routes and as they result in a reduced capacity. The empirical relations as the density‐dependent movement speed or flow rate were derived by studies under laboratory conditions, which were usually conducted with populations of homogeneous characteristics for better control of influencing variables. If individual characteristics of a crowd become more heterogeneous, individuals were forced to adapt their individual movement and control individual manoeuvring. These unintended interactions lead to a different shape of the fundamental empirical relations. Here, we present results from a movement study under well‐controlled boundary conditions in which participants with and without different characteristics of disabilities participated. To consider the effect of different heterogeneities on the capacity of a facility, fundamental diagrams are generated using the Voronoi method. If participants with visible disabilities (such as using assistive devices) are part of a crowd, significant differences relating to the shape of the empirical relations and the capacities are found. This indicates that the heterogeneity of a population leads to an increased interpersonal interaction which results in influenced movement characteristics.

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“…70 On the other hand, debates on the existence of this phenomenon arise in the literature. [71][72][73] For example, Haghani et al 72…”

Section: The "Faster Is Slower" Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike it shortens the evacuation time for relatively large crowds, unless competition among people creates physical interactions and anyone shows aggressive drive. Based on their literature review and findings from their experiment, Haghani et al72 conclude that the degree of physical pressure (like pushing or shoving) between the individuals in the crowd, the crowd density behind the bottleneck points, and the design of evacuation facilities may have a considerable impact on the occurrence of the phenomenon. Clearly, more research is needed to understand this phenomenon and the factors triggering it.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling pedestrian group behavior in crowd evacuations

Turgut

Bozdag

2021

Fire and Materials

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Many models have been developed in recent years to describe pedestrian group behavior. Most prior research on group behavior focuses mainly on small groups and does not provide a general approach for grouping pedestrians with respect to different group sizes. They also analyze pedestrian group dynamics in normal circumstances. However, people's reactions who are aware of an emergency are not the same as how they respond to normal or usual situations. The central focus of this

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When ‘push’ does not come to ‘shove’: Revisiting ‘faster is slower’ in collective egress of human crowds

Cited by 42 publications

References 73 publications

Speed modulated social influence in evacuating pedestrian crowds

Speed modulated social influence in evacuating pedestrian crowds

The influence of individual impairments in crowd dynamics

Modeling pedestrian group behavior in crowd evacuations

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