When private actors matter: Information-sharing network and surveillance of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Vietnam

Delabouglise, Alexis; Dao, Than Huu; Truong, Dinh Bao; Nguyen, Thu Trang; Nguyen, N.T.; Duboz, Raphaël; Fournié, Guillaume; Antoine‐Moussiaux, Nicolas; Grosbois, Vladimir; Vu, D.T.; Tú, Lê Hoàng; Nguyen, Viet Khong; Salem, Gérard; Peyre, Marisa

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.025

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The participatory methods and tools were proposed for evaluation due to the fact that perceptions and expectations of stakeholders regarding surveillance are critical elements to be considered in order to evaluate the acceptability of a system [ 19 , 20 ]. This approach, based on visualisation tools and open discussions with all stakeholders, allows participants to play an active role in the definition and in the analysis of problems encountered during the mandatory participation to a surveillance programme, but also to find solutions to these problems [ 14 , 21 – 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Added-Value of Using Participatory Approaches to Assess the Acceptability of Surveillance Systems: The Case of Bovine Tuberculosis in Belgium

et al. 2016

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Context and ObjectiveBovine tuberculosis (bTB) surveillance in Belgium is essential to maintain the officially free status and to preserve animal and public health. An evaluation of the system is thus needed to ascertain the surveillance provides a precise description of the current situation in the country. The evaluation should assess stakeholders’ perceptions and expectations about the system due to the fact that the acceptability has an influence on the levels of sensitivity and timeliness of the surveillance system. The objective of the study was to assess the acceptability of the bTB surveillance in Belgium, using participatory tools and the OASIS flash tool (‘analysis tool for surveillance systems’).MethodsFor the participatory process, focus group discussions and individual interviews were implemented with representatives involved with the system, both from cattle and wildlife part of the surveillance. Three main tools were used: (i) relational diagrams associated with smileys, (ii) flow diagrams associated with proportional piling, and (iii) impact diagrams associated with proportional piling. A total of six criteria were assessed, among which five were scored on a scale from -1 to +1. For the OASIS flash tool, one full day meeting with representatives from stakeholders involved with the surveillance was organised. A total of 19 criteria linked to acceptability were scored on a scale from 0 to 3.Results and ConclusionBoth methods highlighted a medium acceptability of the bTB surveillance. The main elements having a negative influence were the consequences of official notification of a bTB suspect case in a farm, the low remuneration paid to private veterinarians for execution of intradermal tuberculin tests and the practical difficulties about the containment of the animals. Based on the two evaluation processes, relevant recommendations to improve the surveillance were made. Based on the comparison between the two evaluation processes, the added value of the participatory approach was highlighted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Added-Value of Using Participatory Approaches to Assess the Acceptability of Surveillance Systems: The Case of Bovine Tuberculosis in Belgium

et al. 2016

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“…Conventional AIV surveillance systems relying on passive reporting of disease events by farmers are not appropriate in most countries where these viruses are endemic, as they will not rapidly capture new virus introductions or strain evolution. While some zoonotic subtypes, such as H7N9, do not seem to be pathogenic in poultry 4 , poultry infection by highly pathogenic subtypes may also remain unnoticed due to sub-optimal levels of flock vaccination 5 or the reluctance of farmers to report disease outbreaks when facing the risk of uncompensated culling of their flock 6 . Instead, in order to improve the sensitivity of the surveillance programs, a risk-based approach informed by knowledge of the local factors influencing AIV dynamics must be adopted 3 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigating poultry trade patterns to guide avian influenza surveillance and control: a case study in Vietnam

Fournié

Tripodi

Nguyen

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Live bird markets are often the focus of surveillance activities monitoring avian influenza viruses (AIV) circulating in poultry. However, in order to ensure a high sensitivity of virus detection and effectiveness of management actions, poultry management practices features influencing AIV dynamics need to be accounted for in the design of surveillance programmes. In order to address this knowledge gap, a cross-sectional survey was conducted through interviews with 791 traders in 18 Vietnamese live bird markets. Markets greatly differed according to the sources from which poultry was obtained, and their connections to other markets through the movements of their traders. These features, which could be informed based on indicators that are easy to measure, suggest that markets could be used as sentinels for monitoring virus strains circulating in specific segments of the poultry production sector. AIV spread within markets was modelled. Due to the high turn-over of poultry, viral amplification was likely to be minimal in most of the largest markets. However, due to the large number of birds being introduced each day, and challenges related to cleaning and disinfection, environmental accumulation of viruses at markets may take place, posing a threat to the poultry production sector and to public health.

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“…On the other hand, risk aversion may favor vaccination over depopulation. It was shown in Vietnam that poultry farmers cooperate mostly with local feed and chick suppliers to manage poultry diseases, partly because these actors sell feed on credit to farmers, giving them economic influence over their customers (46). Those chick suppliers might perceive the depopulation behavior as advantageous for them as it increases the demand for chicks and limits the local spread of the disease, therefore preserving poultry production in their sale area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Game theory of vaccination and depopulation for managing avian influenza on poultry farms

Delabouglise

2018

Preprint

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza is endemic in domestic poultry populations in East and South Asia and is a major threat to human health, animal health, and the poultry production industry. The behavioral response of farmers to the disease and its epidemiological effects are still poorly understood. We considered a symmetric game in a region with widespread smallholder poultry production, where the players are broiler poultry farmers and between-farm disease transmission is both environmental (local) and mediated by the trade of infected birds. Three types of farmer behaviors were modelled: vaccination, depopulation, and cessation of poultry farming. We found that the transmission level of avian influenza through trade networks had strong qualitative effects on the system’s epidemiological-economic equilibria. In the case of low trade-based transmission, when the monetary cost of infection is sufficiently high, depopulation behavior persists and maintains a disease-free equilibrium. In the case of high trade-based transmission, depopulation behavior has perverse epidemiological effects - as it accelerates the spread of disease via poultry traders - but has a high enough payoff to farmers that it persists at the system’s game theoretic equilibrium. In this situation, state interventions should focus on making effective vaccination technologies available at a low price rather than penalizing infected farms. Our results emphasize the need in endemic countries to further investigate the commercial circuits through which birds from infected farms are traded.

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When private actors matter: Information-sharing network and surveillance of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Vietnam

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

The Added-Value of Using Participatory Approaches to Assess the Acceptability of Surveillance Systems: The Case of Bovine Tuberculosis in Belgium

The Added-Value of Using Participatory Approaches to Assess the Acceptability of Surveillance Systems: The Case of Bovine Tuberculosis in Belgium

Investigating poultry trade patterns to guide avian influenza surveillance and control: a case study in Vietnam

Game theory of vaccination and depopulation for managing avian influenza on poultry farms

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