When neighbors cheat: a test of the dear enemy phenomenon in southern red-backed salamanders

Dalton, Benjamin; Settle, Rachel A.; Medley, Kenzie; Mathis, Alicia

doi:10.1007/s00265-020-02838-9

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Plethodon cinereus and other terrestrial plethodontids are known to reduce agonistic interactions with familiar conspecifics ("dear enemy hypothesis"), especially in areas with high density (Dalton et al, 2020;Jaeger, 1981;Jaeger & Peterson, 2002). The majority of sexually mature salamander co-occurrence observations in our study were between the same sex and were more prevalent on the higher density mature plots (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…It is also evident that salamanders encounter each other more frequently at the mature forest plots, but they may not engage in agonistic behaviors due to the energetic costs related to frequent aggressive interactions and allow such overlap to occur. Plethodon cinereus and other terrestrial plethodontids are known to reduce agonistic interactions with familiar conspecifics (“dear enemy hypothesis”), especially in areas with high density (Dalton et al, 2020; Jaeger, 1981; Jaeger & Peterson, 2002). The majority of sexually mature salamander co‐occurrence observations in our study were between the same sex and were more prevalent on the higher density mature plots (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demography and space‐use of Eastern Red‐backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) between mature and successional forests

Gade

Gould

Wilk

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Space-use and demographic processes are critical to the persistence of populations across space and time. Despite their importance, estimates of these processes are often derived from a limited number of populations spanning broad habitat or environmental gradients. With increasing appreciation of the role fine-scale environmental variation in microgeographic adaptation, there is a need and value to assessing within-site variation in space-use and demographic patterns. In this study, we analyze 3 years of spatial capture-recapture data on the Eastern Red-backed Salamander collected from a mixed-use deciduous forest site in central Ohio, USA. Study plots were situated in both a mature forest stand and successional forest stand separated by <100-m distance. Our results showed that salamander density was reduced on successional plots, which corresponded with greater distance between nearest neighbors, less overlap in core use areas, greater space-use, and greater shifts in activity centers when compared to salamanders occupying the mature habitat. By contrast, individual growth rates of salamanders occupying the successional forest were significantly greater than salamanders in the mature forest. These estimates result in successional plot salamanders reaching maturity more than 1 year earlier than salamanders on the mature forest plots and increasing their estimated lifetime fecundity by as much as 43%. The patterns we observed in space-use and individual growth are likely the result of density-dependent processes, potentially reflecting differences in resource availability or quality. Our study highlights how fine-scale, within-site variation can shape population demographics. As research into the demographic and population consequences of climate change and habitat loss and alteration continue, future research should take care to acknowledge the role that fine-scale variation may play, especially for abiotically sensitive organisms with limited vagility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demography and space‐use of Eastern Red‐backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) between mature and successional forests

Gade

Gould

Wilk

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Furthermore, although we cannot rule out that subjects interpreted a song type recorded from a different bird and broadcast from a different location as in fact still coming from the original simulated neighbour, as discussed above, great tits discriminate among individual voice characteristics (Weary and Krebs 1992). Therefore, we interpret their responses in the final playback as responses to a simulated stranger, but note that, even under dear enemy relationships, individuals may also respond aggressively to neighbours when they display from a new location (Brindley 1991; Husak and Fox 2003; Lovell and Lein 2005; Dalton et al 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

No reproductive fitness benefits of dear enemy behaviour in a territorial songbird

Reichert

Davidson

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Territorial animals often exhibit the dear enemy effect, in which individuals respond less aggressively to neighbours than to other individuals. The dear enemy effect is hypothesized to be adaptive by reducing unnecessary aggressive interactions with individuals that are not a threat to territory ownership. A key prediction of this hypothesis, that individual fitness will be affected by variation in the speed and extent to which individuals reduce their aggression towards neighbours relative to strangers, has never been tested. We used a series of song playbacks to measure the change in response of male great tits on their breeding territories to a simulated establishment of a neighbour on an adjacent territory. Males reduced their approach to the speaker and sang fewer songs on later repetitions of the playback trials, consistent with a dear enemy effect through habituation learning. However, not all males discriminated between the neighbour and stranger playbacks at the end of the series of trials, and there was evidence that individuals consistently differed from one another in performing this discrimination. We monitored nests and analysed offspring paternity to determine male reproductive success. Unexpectedly, individuals that exhibited dear enemy behaviour towards the simulated neighbour did not have higher reproductive success, and in fact one measure, total offspring biomass, was lower for individuals that showed the dear enemy effect. Although the general capability to recognize neighbours is most likely adaptive, it seems that individuals who decrease their responsiveness to familiar neighbours too quickly may gain no advantage or even be at a disadvantage.

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“…They mutually benefit by minimising aggression and time spent patrolling. However, a neighbour male can become a serious threat if he breaks the agreement by attempting to steal resources (females) from an adjacent territory and/or expand his own territory to the detriment of his close neighbours (Trivers, 1971;Godard, 1993;Dalton et al, 2020). In case of no respect of the agreedupon boundary, the two individuals become rivals and the deceived male will immediately challenge the intruder (Godard, 1993;Clutton-Brock & Parker, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Good fences make good neighbours: territorial male Cape fur seals use spatial acoustic map of neighbours

Martin

Gridley

Elwen

et al. 2023

Behav.

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In territorial species, individual recognition among neighbouring males is likely to reduce energy expenses and risk of injury associated with the costly period of maintaining territory during the breeding season. This study explored neighbour–stranger vocal recognition in male Cape fur seals, one of the most colonial and polygynous mammals. Playback experiments revealed that territorial males were able to recognise the calls of their neighbours, in combination with their relative spatial position to their own harem. No ‘dear-enemy’ nor ‘nasty neighbour’ effects were detected. However, the strongest responses observed were towards the calls of familiar neighbours played back from an incongruent location, simulating a situation in which a neighbour is outside its own territory. The colony structure and movements of the seals across the day could explain such results. This study has implications for understanding how vocal signals regulate interactions among males in polygynous mammals, particularly during the competitive mating period.

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When neighbors cheat: a test of the dear enemy phenomenon in southern red-backed salamanders

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Demography and space‐use of Eastern Red‐backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) between mature and successional forests

Demography and space‐use of Eastern Red‐backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) between mature and successional forests

No reproductive fitness benefits of dear enemy behaviour in a territorial songbird

Good fences make good neighbours: territorial male Cape fur seals use spatial acoustic map of neighbours

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