When memory does not fail: Familiarity-based recognition in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Westerberg, Carmen E.; Paller, Ken A.; Weıntraub, Sandra; Mesulam, Marek-Marsel; Holdstock, J. S.; Mayes, Andrew R.; Reber, Paul J.

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.2.193

Cited by 152 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 94 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

175

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, forced-choice recognition tests with highly similar foils are known to encourage strategies of assessing the relative strength of familiarity signals engendered by each stimulus (Aggleton and Shaw 1996;Khoe et al 2000;O'Reilly and Rudy 2000;Holdstock et al 2002;Yonelinas 2002;Bastin and Van der Linden 2003;Westerberg et al 2006). Nonetheless, disentangling neural signals of familiarity memory versus implicit memory is difficult because during recognition testing both can occur concurrently (Paller et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate forced-choice recognition without awareness of memory retrieval

Voss¹,

2008

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recognition confidence and the explicit awareness of memory retrieval commonly accompany accurate responding in recognition tests. Memory performance in recognition tests is widely assumed to measure explicit memory, but the generality of this assumption is questionable. Indeed, whether recognition in nonhumans is always supported by explicit memory is highly controversial. Here we identified circumstances wherein highly accurate recognition was unaccompanied by hallmark features of explicit memory. When memory for kaleidoscopes was tested using a two-alternative forced-choice recognition test with similar foils, recognition was enhanced by an attentional manipulation at encoding known to degrade explicit memory. Moreover, explicit recognition was most accurate when the awareness of retrieval was absent. These dissociations between accuracy and phenomenological features of explicit memory are consistent with the notion that correct responding resulted from experience-dependent enhancements of perceptual fluency with specific stimuli-the putative mechanism for perceptual priming effects in implicit memory tests. This mechanism may contribute to recognition performance in a variety of frequently-employed testing circumstances. Our results thus argue for a novel view of recognition, in that analyses of its neurocognitive foundations must take into account the potential for both (1) recognition mechanisms allied with implicit memory and (2) recognition mechanisms allied with explicit memory.An important principle in memory research is that there are characteristic behavioral, cognitive, subjective, and neural features that set explicit memory apart from other expressions of memory (Gabrieli 1998;Squire 2004;Paller et al. 2008). Explicit memory tests are those wherein direct reference is made to prior learning events, such as when subjects deliberately discriminate repeat from novel items in a recognition test. Memory measured by such tests is referred to as explicit memory. Hallmark features of explicit memory include the awareness of memory retrieval and confidence in memory judgments. Explicit memory can be contrasted with another form of memory, implicit memory, which does not require the realization that memory has influenced behavior. Specialized tests in which no reference is made to prior learning episodes are commonly used to measure implicit memory. Tests of perceptual priming, for example, are used to measure implicit memory for physical stimulus features, and perceptual priming with visual stimuli is thought to be supported by repetition-induced enhancements in neural processing fluency within visual cortex (Wiggs and Martin 1998;Schacter et al. 2007).A central emphasis of contemporary memory research has been to determine how explicit memory and implicit memory are related. Many researchers have proposed that recognition may derive partly from repetition-based perceptual fluency, the same mechanism that mediates perceptual priming (e.g., Jacoby and Dallas 1981;Johnston et al. 1991;Verfaellie and Cermak 1...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate forced-choice recognition without awareness of memory retrieval

Voss¹,

2008

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Finally, recollection and familiarity have been more indirectly assessed by means of experimental manipulations (e.g. test format: Westerberg et al, 2006; salience of fluency: Algarabel et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Item familiarity and controlled associative retrieval in Alzheimer's disease: An fMRI study

Genon

Collette

Feyers

et al. 2013

Cortex

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Typical Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an impaired form of associative memory, recollection, that includes the controlled retrieval of associations. In contrast, familiarity-based memory for individual items may sometimes be preserved in the early stages of the disease. This is the first study that directly examines whole brain regional activity during one core aspect of the recollection function: associative controlled episodic retrieval (CER), contrasted to item familiarity in AD patients. Cerebral activity related to associative CER and item familiarity in AD patients and healthy controls (HC) was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging during a word-pair recognition task to which the process dissociation procedure was applied. Some patients had null CER estimates (AD-), whereas others did show some CER abilities (AD+), although significantly less than HC. In contrast, familiarity estimates were equivalent in the three groups. In AD+, as in controls, associative CER activated the inferior precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). When performing group comparisons, no region was found to be significantly more activated during CER in HC than AD+ and vice versa. However, during associative CER, functional connectivity between this region and the hippocampus, the inferior parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was significantly higher in HC than in AD+. In all three groups, item familiarity was related to activation along the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). In conclusion, whereas the preserved automatic detection of an old item (without retrieval of accurate word association) is related to parietal activation centred on the IPS, the inferior precuneus/PCC supports associative CER ability in AD patients, as in HC. However, AD patients have deficient functional connectivity during associative CER, suggesting that the residual recollection function in these patients might be impoverished by the lack of some recollection-related aspects such as autonoetic quality, episodic details and verification.

show abstract

“…Nous verrons que celles-ci révèlent que la familiarité est une fonction com-Les données actuelles sont en faveur d'une altération des performances en reconnaissance pour les tâches de type « oui/non » et d'une préser-vation des performances dans les tâches de reconnaissance « à choix forcé » dans le trouble cognitif léger amnésique. Chez les patients souffrant de la maladie d'Alzheimer, en revanche, les données vont dans le sens d'une altération des performances pour les deux types de tâches [15,16]. Ces résultats pourraient suggérer une atteinte préférentielle de la remémoration consciente dès les premiers stades de la maladie d'Alzheimer, alors que la familiarité ne serait altérée que plus tardivement.…”

Section: Impact De La Maladie D'alzheimer Et Du Trouble Cognitif Légeunclassified

Mémoire épisodique dans la maladie d’Alzheimer

Simon

Bastin

2014

Med Sci (Paris)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

> Les troubles de mémoire dans la maladie d'Alzheimer touchent très tôt la remémoration consciente, souvenir d'un événement et de son contexte. Pour ce qui est de la familiarité, reconnaissance sans souvenir du contexte, les études vont dans le sens tantôt d'une altération précoce, tantôt d'une préservation de la familiarité dans les stades légers et modérés de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Ce manque de consensus peut, en partie, être expliqué par des différences méthodologiques entre les études et révèle le caractère complexe de cette forme de mémoire qui serait sous-tendue par une multitude de mécanismes pouvant être sélectivement altérés ou préservés au cours de la maladie. < plusieurs fonctions cognitives, sans altération du niveau d'efficience cognitive globale et en l'absence de perturbation significative des activités de la vie quotidienne. Selon R.C. Petersen [1], différents sous-types de trouble cognitif léger peuvent être identifiés en fonction du domaine cognitif altéré. D'une part, le trouble cognitif léger de type amnésique regroupe les patients présentant une altération de la mémoire épisodique et, d'autre part, le trouble cognitif léger de type non amnésique regroupe les patients présentant une alté-ration cognitive autre que mnésique. Ces deux sous-types peuvent encore être subdivisés en fonction du nombre de domaines cognitifs altérés (un ou plusieurs). On sait aujourd'hui que ces différents sous-types de trouble cognitif léger n'évoluent pas vers les mêmes entités démentielles. Dans la mesure où une grande proportion des patients souffrant d'un trouble cognitif léger amnésique évoluent vers la maladie d'Alzheimer, celui-ci est considéré comme la phase prodromale de la maladie d La maladie d'Alzheimer et le trouble cognitif légerLa maladie d'Alzheimer est une maladie neurodégéné-rative, d'apparition insidieuse, qui entraîne une dégra-dation progressive et globale des fonctions cognitives. Dans sa forme typique, la maladie d'Alzheimer débute généralement par une atteinte précoce de la mémoire épisodique (ou souvenir des événements personnellement vécus dans un contexte spatio-temporel particulier), qui s'étend à d'autres domaines de la cognition, et dont la sévérité est telle que la réalisation des activités de la vie quotidienne s'en trouve perturbée. Un intérêt tout particulier est actuellement porté sur les difficultés précoces observées chez les personnes qui présentent un trouble cognitif léger [31]. Le trouble cognitif léger est un syndrome intermédiaire entre les changements cognitifs observés au cours du vieillissement normal et ceux observés dans les maladies neurodégénératives. Le trouble cognitif léger se définit par une détérioration, supérieure à celle qui est observée dans le vieillissement normal, d'une ou Dans cette synthèse, nous utiliserons remémoration consciente dans le sens du terme anglais « recollection ».

show abstract

When memory does not fail: Familiarity-based recognition in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Cited by 152 publications

References 94 publications

Accurate forced-choice recognition without awareness of memory retrieval

Accurate forced-choice recognition without awareness of memory retrieval

Item familiarity and controlled associative retrieval in Alzheimer's disease: An fMRI study

Mémoire épisodique dans la maladie d’Alzheimer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About