According to the gender role strain paradigm (GRSP), men's adherence to masculinity ideology could result in dysfunction strain when it becomes incompatible with other role demands. To support the relevance of GRSP in the work context, we explored the relationship between masculinity ideology and strain for men in female-dominated occupations by introducing social stressors as an intervening variable. Within female-dominated occupations, the feminine gender role can be seen as a crucial job requirement and contradictory to masculinity ideology. We proposed that men adherent to masculinity ideology would experience more social stressors with colleagues and superiors, which would lead to an indirect effect on men's psychological strain. A sample of 175 German men in female-dominated occupations and 88 men in male-dominated occupations completed questionnaires. Men rated their level of adherence to mascu linity ideology (toughness, status, and antifemininity), perceived social stressors, and strains (emotional irritation, depressive mood). The results of multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) provided the best fit for a partial mediation model, showing a stronger relationship between masculinity ideology and social stressors for men in female-dominated occupations than for men in male-dominated occupations. Our data therefore supported ideas of dysfunction strain in specific work settings when considering men's perception of social stressors as a mediating mechanism.