When leaving the Solar system: Dark matter makes a difference

Abstract

A resultant gravitational force due to the current estimates of the virial mass of the Milky Way galaxy, dominated by dark matter, is estimated near the Sun and is described in two different analytical models yielding consistent results. One is a two step Hernquist model, the other is a Navarro-Frenk-White model. The effect of this force is estimated on trajectories for spacecraft sufficiently far from the Sun. The difficulty of detecting this force is studied. It is concluded that its effect should be considered for certain spacecraft missions. Its effect on the Pioneer and New Horizons spacecrafts is discussed. A future mission is discussed that may be able to detect this force. Implications of this force are discussed with its impact for problems in planetary astronomy and astrophysics.

Nonlocal Gravity: Modification of Newtonian Gravitational Force in the Solar System

“…where ∆ n (ζ 0 ) are dimensionless functions of ζ 0 = µ 0 a 0 . Comparing relations (37) and (38) with Equation ( 39), we conclude that for n = 2, 3, 4, • • • ,…”

“…On the other hand, interesting experiments have been proposed recently to measure directly deviations from the inverse square law of gravity in the solar system out to 100 astronomical units (AU) and beyond [33][34][35][36]. In any case, modifications are expected due to the presence of dark matter [37]. Finally, on larger galactic scales, we expect to determine the reciprocal kernel q from the rotation curves of spiral galaxies.…”

What if the Universe Expands Linearly? A Local General Relativity to Solve the “Zero Active Mass” Problem

“…The nondetection or evidence of dark matter is clear in the solar system, indicating that dark matter would not interact with anything other than itself (Gaidau & Shelton 2019). According to Belbruno & Green (2022), the dark-matter effect should be considered for objects when leaving the solar system. However, Brown & Mathur (2023) found that MOND provides an accurate explanation for the anomalies of Kuiper Belt objects that lie beyond Neptune, without the need for dark matter.…”