When Hymenopteran Males Reinvented Diploidy

Aron, Serge; Menten, Ludivine de; Bockstaele, Dirk R. Van; Blank, Stephan M.; Roisin, Yves

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.017

Cited by 70 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The first peak corresponds to ploidy level, the second to the distribution of nuclei over G2/M of the cell cycle stages (Aron et al 2003). In haploid males (c), the second 2c peak corresponds to diploid mandibular muscle cells (Aron et al 2005). The flow cytometer was calibrated so that nuclei population from haploid cells yielded a relative 1c-DNA content near channel 100, nuclei population from diploid cells near channel 200, and nuclei population from triploid cells near channel 300.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, FCM has been used to characterize the structure and composition of microbial communities (Wedemeyer and Potter 2001). We analyzed heads of imagos because the level of ploidy greatly varies among tissues (Aron et al 2005). Heads were cut off and crushed each in 1 ml 4′,6-diamino-2-phenylindole M/P monogynous or polygynous colony structure, % 2n M percentage of diploid males and total number of males analyzed (brackets), % 2n nests percentage of nests producing diploid males and total number of nests sampled (brackets), N pop number of populations surveyed, na data nonavailable dihydrochloride (DAPI) solution (CyStain® DNA-1 step, PARTEC©).…”

Section: Ploidy Level Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diploid males, diploid sperm production, and triploid females in the ant Tapinoma erraticum

Cournault

Aron

2009

Naturwissenschaften

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Under complementary sex determination (CSD), females of Hymenoptera arise from diploid, fertilized eggs and males from haploid, unfertilized eggs. Incidentally, fertilized eggs that inherit two identical alleles at the CSD locus will develop into diploid males. Diploid males are usually unviable or sterile. In a few species, however, they produce diploid sperm and father a triploid female progeny. Diploid males have been reported in a number of social Hymenoptera, but the occurrence of triploid females has hardly ever been documented. Here, we report the presence of triploid females, diploid males, and diploid sperm (produced by diploid males and stored in queen spermathecae) in the ant Tapinoma erraticum. Moreover, we show variations in the frequency of triploids among female castes: Triploid females are more frequent among workers than virgin queens; they are absent among mated, reproductive queens. The frequency of triploid workers also varies between populations and between nests within populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ploidy Level Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diploid males, diploid sperm production, and triploid females in the ant Tapinoma erraticum

Cournault

Aron

2009

Naturwissenschaften

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“…The ploidy (haploid or diploid) of males and eggs from inbred colonies was determined by flow cytometry (Ploidy Analyser PAI, Partec; see Aron et al, 2003Aron et al, , 2005 for details). In addition, males and female sexuals from these colonies were mated with unrelated sexuals to determine whether male-bias and low productivity might be caused by decreased fecundity of inbred queens and decreased fertilization capability of inbred males.…”

Section: Inbreeding Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex determination and inbreeding depression in an ant with regular sib-mating

2006

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Haplodiploidy is one of the most widespread mechanisms of sex determination in animals. In many Hymenoptera, including all hitherto investigated social species, diploid individuals, which are heterozygous at the sex locus, develop as females, whereas haploid, hemizygous individuals develop as males (single-locus complementary sex determination, sl-CSD). Inbreeding leads to homozygosity at the sex locus, resulting in the production of diploid males, which are usually sterile and constitute a considerable fitness cost. Nevertheless, regular inbreeding without diploid male production is known from several solitary wasps, suggesting that in these species sex is not determined by sl-CSD but alternative mechanisms. Here, we examine sex determination in an ant with regular inbreeding, Cardiocondyla obscurior. The almost complete absence of diploid males after 10 generations of brother-sister mating in the laboratory documents for the first time the absence of sl-CSD and CSD with two or a few unlinked sex loci in a species of social Hymenoptera. Queens, which mated with a brother, appeared to decrease the number of males in their brood, as expected from the relatedness relationships under inbreeding. In contrast, some colonies began to show signs of an inbreeding depression after several generations of sib-mating, such as shortened queen life span, higher brood mortality, and a shift to more male-biased sex ratios in some colonies, presumably due to lower insemination capability of sperm.

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“…In contrast, species with haplodiploid sex determination do not have sex chromosomes, but rather, except for dosage, they have identical chromosomal complements. Furthermore, although male embryos start out as haploid, somatic cells often undergo endopolyploidization in both males and females, which can result in similar ploidy levels in particular somatic tissues for both sexes (3,4).…”

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Genetic and epigenetic architecture of sex-biased expression in the jewel wasps Nasonia vitripennis and giraulti

Wang

Werren

Clark

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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There is extraordinary diversity in sexual dimorphism (SD) among animals, but little is known about its epigenetic basis. To study the epigenetic architecture of SD in a haplodiploid system, we performed RNA-seq and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of adult females and males from two closely related parasitoid wasps, Nasonia vitripennis and Nasonia giraulti. More than 75% of expressed genes displayed significantly sex-biased expression. As a consequence, expression profiles are more similar between species within each sex than between sexes within each species. Furthermore, extremely male-and female-biased genes are enriched for totally different functional categories: male-biased genes for key enzymes in sexpheromone synthesis and female-biased genes for genes involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Remarkably, just 70 highly expressed, extremely male-biased genes account for 10% of all transcripts in adult males. Unlike expression profiles, DNA methylomes are highly similar between sexes within species, with no consistent sex differences in methylation found. Therefore, methylation changes cannot explain the extensive level of sex-biased gene expression observed. Female-biased genes have smaller sequence divergence between species, higher conservation to other hymenopterans, and a broader expression range across development. Overall, female-biased genes have been recruited from genes with more conserved and broadly expressing "house-keeping" functions, whereas male-biased genes are more recently evolved and are predominately testis specific. In summary, Nasonia accomplish a striking degree of sex-biased expression without sex chromosomes or epigenetic differences in methylation. We propose that methylation provides a general signal for constitutive gene expression, whereas other sex-specific signals cause sex-biased gene expression.sex-biased expression | DNA methylation | RNA-seq | WGBS-seq | fatty acid desaturase

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When Hymenopteran Males Reinvented Diploidy

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Diploid males, diploid sperm production, and triploid females in the ant Tapinoma erraticum

Diploid males, diploid sperm production, and triploid females in the ant Tapinoma erraticum

Sex determination and inbreeding depression in an ant with regular sib-mating

Genetic and epigenetic architecture of sex-biased expression in the jewel wasps Nasonia vitripennis and giraulti

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