When Does Self-Criticism Lead to Depression in Collectivistic Context

Social Responsibility Facilitates the Intergenerational Transmission of Attitudes Toward Green Purchasing in a Non-Western Country: Evidence from the Philippines

“…Hence, parents should teach their children that selecting green products is a social obligation that can affect other people and the future generation. Our findings elucidated that social responsibility can be a cultural driver of environmental attitudes as Filipinos place a high premium on other people's welfare (Aruta et al, 2019(Aruta et al, , 2020(Aruta et al, , 2021. In terms of the educational context, schools should be identified as a channel that can amplify environmental awareness among the youth (Reese, 2018).…”

“…Furthermore, Filipino parents teach their children socially oriented values that promote social responsibility. For instance, the Filipino values such as ''kapwa'' (others as part of shared inner self) or ''pakikipagkapwa-tao'' (relationality and interconnectedness with others) are modeled within the family to teach children the importance of social sensitivity and prioritizing other people's welfare (Aruta et al, 2020(Aruta et al, , 2021Enriquez, 1994). The categories of kapwa such as ''ibang tao'' (other people) and ''hindi ibang tao'' (one of us) highlight the value of expressing concern for the welfare of not only one's in-group but also of the out-group (Clemente et al, 2008).…”

“…In contrast, people from interdependent cultures, usually East Asians and other non-WEIRD nations, tend to endorse an interdependent selfconstrual leading them to define the self as socially contingent, interconnected with others, and place great importance on social responsibility and interpersonal harmony. We reason that since interdependent cultures such as the Philippines strongly value social cohesion, harmony, and welfare of others (Aruta, 2016(Aruta, , 2021a(Aruta, , 2021bAruta et al, 2019Aruta et al, , 2020Aruta et al, , 2021Roxas et al, 2019), social responsibility can play a key role in the intergenerational transmission of green purchase attitudes in Filipino families.…”

“…In addition, there are also Filipino values that explain why social responsibility serves as a salient mechanism in promoting green purchase attitudes among Filipino adolescents. For instance, Filipinos' strong emphasis on socially oriented values such as ''kapwa'' (others as part of shared inner self) or ''pakikipagkapwatao'' (relationality and interconnectedness with others) can drive them to act with consideration for the welfare of other people (Aruta et al, 2020(Aruta et al, , 2021Enriquez, 1994). Overall, the high cultural premium that Filipinos' place on parental authority and socially oriented virtues can explain why Filipino adolescents are highly receptive to their parents' green purchase attitudes, and why social responsibility can effectively facilitate the intergenerational transmission of favorable attitudes toward ecofriendly products.…”

“…To date, no research has investigated the role of social responsibility in the parentchild transmission of environmentalism especially in non-WEIRD cultures such as the Philippines. This is despite the strong emphasis on prosocial values in such sociocultural context (Aruta, 2016;Aruta, Barretto, Shin, & Jang, 2019, Aruta et al, 2020, Aruta, Antazo, & Pacen ˜o, 2021Roxas, David, & Aruta, 2019). Fourth, we investigate the intergenerational transmission of green purchase attitudes within the context of the massive environmental degradation and plastic and waste pollution in the Philippines (Aruta, 2021a;Bankoff, 2007).…”