2012
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046505
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When Does Overuse of Antibiotics Become a Tragedy of the Commons?

Abstract: BackgroundOver-prescribing of antibiotics is considered to result in increased morbidity and mortality from drug-resistant organisms. A resulting common wisdom is that it would be better for society if physicians would restrain their prescription of antibiotics. In this view, self-interest and societal interest are at odds, making antibiotic use a classic “tragedy of the commons”.Methods and FindingsWe developed two mathematical models of transmission of antibiotic resistance, featuring de novo development of … Show more

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Cited by 62 publications
(51 citation statements)
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References 59 publications
(61 reference statements)
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“…Let ρ P denote the recovery rate. Denoting the force of infection (only dependent on the number of individuals infected, and independent of individual choice of treatment) due to sensitive strains by λ S and due to resistant strains by λ R , a single individual follows the Markov chain dXfalse(ifalse)dt=false(λS+λRfalse)Xfalse(ifalse)+false(ρPYSfalse(ifalse)+ρPYRfalse(ifalse)false)+θPfalse(ifalse)false(1δfalse)YSfalse(ifalse), dYSfalse(ifalse)dt=λSXfalse(ifalse)ρPYSfalse(ifalse)θPfalse(ifalse)YSfalse(ifalse), dYRfalse(ifalse)dt=λRXfalse(ifalse)ρPYRfalse(ifalse)+θPfalse(ifalse)δYSfalse(ifalse), which is Model 1 in the previous paper ([38]).…”
Section: The Modelmentioning
confidence: 77%
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“…Let ρ P denote the recovery rate. Denoting the force of infection (only dependent on the number of individuals infected, and independent of individual choice of treatment) due to sensitive strains by λ S and due to resistant strains by λ R , a single individual follows the Markov chain dXfalse(ifalse)dt=false(λS+λRfalse)Xfalse(ifalse)+false(ρPYSfalse(ifalse)+ρPYRfalse(ifalse)false)+θPfalse(ifalse)false(1δfalse)YSfalse(ifalse), dYSfalse(ifalse)dt=λSXfalse(ifalse)ρPYSfalse(ifalse)θPfalse(ifalse)YSfalse(ifalse), dYRfalse(ifalse)dt=λRXfalse(ifalse)ρPYRfalse(ifalse)+θPfalse(ifalse)δYSfalse(ifalse), which is Model 1 in the previous paper ([38]).…”
Section: The Modelmentioning
confidence: 77%
“…We recently analyzed a simple SIS model (susceptible-infective-susceptible) of drug resistance [38] for one disease, denoted by P . The state of a single individual may be completely susceptible, infected with drug-susceptible organisms only, or infected with drug-resistant organisms only.…”
Section: The Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Presumably motivated by concern for resistance as problem for the collective, Northern European countries tend to use narrow-spectrum antibiotics (narrow-selective antibiotics), but in many other parts of the world the rapid antibiotic effect takes the priority, justifying broad-spectrum (broadly-selective) drugs [55], yet another tragedy of the commons [56–59]. …”
Section: Some Inconvenient Realitiesmentioning
confidence: 99%