When does decentralized production of biogas and centralized upgrading and injection into the natural gas grid make sense?

Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion: Enhanced and Sustainable Methane Production from Co-Digestion of Food and Lignocellulosic Wastes

“…These consortia comprise various facultative or obligate anaerobic microbial groups which work synergistically and convert complex organic substrates into biogas. Biogas with 60-70% of its component being methane is a combustible renewable energy that can be used as an alternative energy source to replace fossil fuels, either by direct combustion to generate heat and electricity, or through upgradation to be used as vehicle fuel and injection into the gas grid [1][2][3][4]. After the on-site demand of the produced biogas is met, the remaining biogas is usually stored as compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied biomethane (LBM) for future use.…”

Gas fired boilers: Perspective for near future fuel composition and impact on burner design process

“…Often, biogas fuel is used to produce heat and/or power in boilers or cogeneration units near the biogas production plant. However, an alternative is the injection of biogas into the natural gas grid [5][6][7] after a treatment process, allowing to use the grid itself for long distance transport and to balance fuel demand and supply by storage. 0-4000 1.1-5.9…”

“…At the same time, a significant commitment was placed on increasing renewable energy production. The renewables production will have a direct impact also on the quality of the fuel gas feeding heating appliances in the near future, since the gas grid will face an increasing injection of alternative fuels (mainly biogas, biomethane, hydrogen) [4][5][6][7]. In particular, hydrogen production from electrolysis can mitigate, on the one hand, the issues related to the fluctuations in renewable energy production (particularly massive in the wind farms) and, on the other hand, can help to cover the mismatch between energy offer and request.…”

Nutrient recovery technologies for anaerobic digestion systems: An overview

“…Centralized plants commonly develops in high density of livestock areas linked to insufficient accessible arable land (i.e. Europe) [7,8]; while on-farm plants are becoming for interest on extensive regions with biogas incentives (i.e. United States and Australia) [9].…”

“…However, the uses of house digester have started to rise in the developing countries as energy/biogas source. On biogas plants the biogas can, after cleaning, produce heat in a quality adapted burner, or electricity and heat in a combined heat and power unit [8]. However, biogas can also be transformed into green gas by upgrading which has the same quality as natural gas and can be supplied to the natural-gas grid or used as transport fuel [10].…”