When do they leave? The dynamics of living in low-income neighbourhoods

Frenette, Marc; Picot, Garnett; Sceviour, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.jue.2004.06.001

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…However, in general, families living in highly deprived areas tend to move laterally, to other deprived areas, rather than move to more affluent areas [71]. Canadian data indicate that new movers to deprived areas tend to stay on average for four years before moving out, and that the longer one stays in a deprived neighbourhood, the less likely they are to leave [72]. Additionally, American data show that it is common for families to return to high poverty areas after leaving for a period of time [73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local social environmental factors are associated with household food insecurity in a longitudinal study of children

et al. 2012

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BackgroundFood insecurity is a significant public health problem in North America and elsewhere. The prevalence of food insecurity varies by country of residence; within countries, it is strongly associated with household socioeconomic status, but the local environment may also play an important role. In this study, we analyzed secondary data from a population-based survey conducted in Québec, Canada, to determine if five local environmental factors: material and social deprivation, social cohesion, disorder, and living location were associated with changes in household food insecurity over a period of 6 years, while adjusting for household socioeconomic status (SES) and other factors.MethodsData from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, following same-aged children from 4–10 y of age, were analyzed using generalized estimating equations, to determine the longitudinal association between these environmental factors and food insecurity over a period of 6 years.ResultsOf the 2120 children originally included in the cohort, 1746 (82%) were included in the present analysis. The prevalence of food insecurity was 9.2% when children were 4 y of age (95% CI: 7.8 – 10.6%) but no significant changes were observed over time. On average over the 6 year period, three environmental factors were positively related to food insecurity: high social deprivation (OR 1.62, 95%CI: 1.16 – 2.26), low social cohesion (OR 1.45 95%CI: 1.10 – 1.92), and high disorder (OR 1.76, 95%CI: 1.37 – 2.27), while living location and material deprivation were not related to food insecurity. These associations were independent of household SES and other social variables.ConclusionThese results highlight the potential role of the local social environment in preventing and ameliorating food insecurity at the household level. Stakeholders providing food security interventions at the community level should consider interactions with local social characteristics and perhaps changing the social environment itself. Further intervention research also examining interactions with household-level factors could lead to the development of interventions that increase both household and community-level food security.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local social environmental factors are associated with household food insecurity in a longitudinal study of children

et al. 2012

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“…Recent studies indicate that finer geographic units are needed to increase the clarity of distributions of determinants of health [7] , [18] and to better guide local health planning and targeted health programs. To address this issue, the current study was performed at the census tract level, which have been found to be good proxies of natural neighborhoods [21] , [25] . Additionally, census tract level socioeconomic and demographic data are available to all states in the US through the US Census Bureau, as well as for populations in other countries like Canada (census tracts) [55] and the United Kingdom (postcode sectors) that approximately correspond to US census tracts [19] , [56] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional information on how the boundaries of the CTs are determined can be found at the US Census Bureau [24] . Census tracts have been shown to be good proxies of natural neighborhood boundaries and are thus useful in describing neighborhood population characteristics, as well as health needs [21] , [25] . Furthermore, other studies of socioeconomic characteristics in the US have used census tracts to represent neighborhoods [26] , [27] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Unique Neighborhood Characteristics to Guide Health Planning for Stroke and Heart Attack: Fuzzy Cluster and Discriminant Analyses Approaches

2011

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BackgroundSocioeconomic, demographic, and geographic factors are known determinants of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) risk. Clustering of these factors in neighborhoods needs to be taken into consideration during planning, prioritization and implementation of health programs intended to reduce disparities. Given the complex and multidimensional nature of these factors, multivariate methods are needed to identify neighborhood clusters of these determinants so as to better understand the unique neighborhood profiles. This information is critical for evidence-based health planning and service provision. Therefore, this study used a robust multivariate approach to classify neighborhoods and identify their socio-demographic characteristics so as to provide information for evidence-based neighborhood health planning for stroke and MI.Methods and FindingsThe study was performed in East Tennessee Appalachia, an area with one of the highest stroke and MI risks in USA. Robust principal component analysis was performed on neighborhood (census tract) socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, obtained from the US Census, to reduce the dimensionality and influence of outliers in the data. Fuzzy cluster analysis was used to classify neighborhoods into Peer Neighborhoods (PNs) based on their socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Nearest neighbor discriminant analysis and decision trees were used to validate PNs and determine the characteristics important for discrimination. Stroke and MI mortality risks were compared across PNs. Four distinct PNs were identified and their unique characteristics and potential health needs described. The highest risk of stroke and MI mortality tended to occur in less affluent PNs located in urban areas, while the suburban most affluent PNs had the lowest risk.ConclusionsImplementation of this multivariate strategy provides health planners useful information to better understand and effectively plan for the unique neighborhood health needs and is important in guiding resource allocation, service provision, and policy decisions to address neighborhood health disparities and improve population health.

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“…These papers suggest that the distribution of neighborhood poverty spells exhibits substantial racial heterogeneity, with blacks experiencing longer periods of exposure and increased probability of re‐entry into poor neighborhoods after exiting one. Frenette, Picot, and Sceviour (), one of the few studies of neighborhood dynamics to rely on regression‐based duration models, find that the hazard rate for exits from low‐income neighborhoods exhibits negative duration dependence, implying that the probability of leaving a low‐income neighborhoods decreases over time.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle Access and Exposure to Neighborhood Poverty: Evidence From the Moving to Opportunity Program

Dawkins

Jeon

Pendall

2015

Journal of Regional Science

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The geographic determinants of social and economic opportunity have received much scholarly attention. A missing link in this body of research is an emphasis on the range of factors influencing low-income households' exposure to neighborhood poverty over time. This paper examines the dynamics of exposure to neighborhood poverty for Moving to Opportunity (MTO) program participants. Our paper is unique in its emphasis on the role of vehicle access as it shapes exposure to neighborhood poverty. We find that vehicle access is an important factor shaping residential spells and transitions to low-poverty neighborhoods over time. We also find that the combined influence of a geographically-targeted residential mobility requirement and vehicle access substantially elevates a household's likelihood of accessing and staying in a low-poverty neighborhood. These findings suggest that residential mobility programs and similar efforts to spatially deconcentrate poverty should pay particular attention to the transportation needs of low-income households.

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When do they leave? The dynamics of living in low-income neighbourhoods

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Local social environmental factors are associated with household food insecurity in a longitudinal study of children

Local social environmental factors are associated with household food insecurity in a longitudinal study of children

Identifying Unique Neighborhood Characteristics to Guide Health Planning for Stroke and Heart Attack: Fuzzy Cluster and Discriminant Analyses Approaches

Vehicle Access and Exposure to Neighborhood Poverty: Evidence From the Moving to Opportunity Program

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