New technological innovations have made it possible for new intermediaries to create value in business processes that involve the procurement of manufacturing and services supplies. Associated with these innovations is the emergence of business-to-business (B2B) electronic markets. These act as digital intermediaries that aim to reduce the transaction costs and mitigate the risks inherent in procurement. They improve buyers' capabilities to search for attractive prices, and also serve to increase the liquidity of sellers' products. In this chapter, the authors explore the evolution of B2B e-market firms in terms of the strategies they employ to "perfect" their value propositions and business processes for the firms. This is a critical aspect of their attractiveness as business partners for the buyers and sellers that participate in their electronic marketplaces. The key theoretical perspectives of this work are adapted from economics and strategic management. They enable the authors to construct a "partnering for perfection" theory of strategic alliances in e-procurement markets. This perspective is captured in a series of inquiries about "why" and "when" B2B e-markets are observed to form alliances. The authors carry out an innovative econometric analysis that delivers empirical results to show the efficacy of the theory in interpreting real world events. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications of this work in academic and managerial terms. and the 2002 Workshop on Information Systems and Economics for providing useful input on related research. Rob Kauffman thanks the MIS Research Center for partial support. ______________________________________________________________________________ the competition in the young market for e-procurement services, squeezing the marginal players.Most of these firms took advantage of the willingness of venture capitalists to provide financing, but, all too soon, this rapid growth would lead to tightening financial constraints and the recognition by the venture capitalists that they had been badly fooled by the "hype." Moreover, innovative technologies and applications, such as Web services, have continued to flow into the market, giving the later entrants opportunities to jump ahead with cheaper, better and more effective new technologies.A third source of challenges that B2B e-market firms faced came from the network effects that characterize the Internet and Web technologies underlying online marketplaces. One critical feature of B2B e-market firms is their ability to utilize the Internet and Web to create communication networks that can connect buyers and suppliers. In other words, what a B2B emarket firm offers can be viewed as a "network product." As can be observed in other markets for network products, the growth of B2B e-markets is subject to network effects that bring about more risks for these new enterprises (Shapiro and Varian, 1999). In the presence of network effects, the first challenge to a B2B e-market is to build up a critical mass of buyers...