When did her smile drop? Facial mimicry and the influences of emotional state on the detection of change in emotional expression

Niedenthal, Paula M.; Bräuer, Markus; Halberstadt, Jamin; Innes-Ker, Åse

doi:10.1080/02699930143000194

Cited by 360 publications

(369 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Summarizing across both tasks, behavioral measures correlated in the expected direction with empathy, especially the perspective-taking and empathic concern subscales of the IRI, and the EQ. These correlations suggest, consistent with Niedenthal et al (2001), that participants reporting high levels of empathy perceived the changes between anger and happiness expressions more rapidly. It is interesting to note that correlations with empathy-measuring personality scales occurred exclusively in the M1 and S1 conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Since facial mimicry can influence the processing of and judgments about emotional facial expressions (Korb et al, 2014;Niedenthal et al, 2001;Rychlowska et al, 2014), inhibition of M1 was also expected to be associated with lower ratings of perceived happiness in happy faces of the Intensity task, and delayed perception of happiness in Angry-To-Happy videos in the Offset task. This hypothesis was partially confirmed, and results differed by gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stimuli were constructed in morphing software (Morpheus Photo Morpher, version 3.17) using happy, angry and neutral expressions by 14 adult faces (50% male). The same photos have been successfully used to create similar stimuli in previous studies Niedenthal et al, 2001). Movie clips in the Offset task always showed a full-blown expression of happiness or anger that gradually morphed into the other expression.…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in the neural network of facial mimicry of smiles – An rTMS study

Korb

Malsert

Rochas

et al. 2015

Cortex

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a b s t r a c tUnder theories of embodied emotion, exposure to a facial expression triggers facial mimicry. Facial feedback is then used to recognize and judge the perceived expression.However, the neural bases of facial mimicry and of the use of facial feedback remain poorly understood. Furthermore, gender differences in facial mimicry and emotion recognition suggest that different neural substrates might accompany the production of facial mimicry, and the processing of facial feedback, in men and women. Here, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied to the right primary motor cortex (M1), the right primary somatosensory cortex (S1), or, in a control condition, the vertex (VTX).Facial mimicry of smiles and emotion judgments were recorded in response to video clips depicting changes from neutral or angry to happy facial expressions. While in females rTMS over M1 and S1 compared to VTX led to reduced mimicry and, in the case of M1, delayed detection of smiles, there was no effect of TMS condition for males. We conclude that in female participants M1 and S1 play a role in the mimicry and in the use of facial feedback for accurate processing of smiles.© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. c o r t e x 7 0 ( 2 0 1 5 ) 1 0 1 e1 1 4http://dx

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in the neural network of facial mimicry of smiles – An rTMS study

Korb

Malsert

Rochas

et al. 2015

Cortex

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“…Future research should examine the extent to which spontaneous mimicry impairments derive from deficits in the initial stage of emotion perception, the intermediate stage of emotion elicitation (contagion), or the production of the matching motor response (Moody & McIntosh, 2006). Because in typical individuals facial mimicry can also facilitate detection of emotional expressions (Niedenthal, Brauer, Halberstadt, & Innes-Ker, 2001), it is also important to examine the hypothesis that mimicry impairment in autism is a contributor to emotion perception deficits, perhaps via somatosensory feedback mechanisms (Heberlein & Adolphs, 2007). This study suggests future directions to further specify the exact nature of the observed difference in emotional extraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism and the extraction of emotion from briefly presented facial expressions: Stumbling at the first step of empathy.

Clark¹,

Winkielman²,

McIntosh³

2008

Emotion

159

104

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Identification of other people's emotion from quickly presented stimuli, including facial expressions, is fundamental to many social processes, including rapid mimicry and empathy. This study examined extraction of valence from brief emotional expressions in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition characterized by impairments in understanding and sharing of emotions. Control participants were individuals with reading disability and typical individuals. Participants were shown images for durations in the range of microexpressions (15 ms and 30 ms), thus reducing the reliance on higher level cognitive skills. Participants detected whether (a) emotional faces were happy or angry, (b) neutral faces were male or female, and (c) neutral images were animals or objects. Individuals with ASD performed selectively worse on emotion extraction, with no group differences for gender or animal-object tasks. The emotion extraction deficit remains even when controlling for gender, verbal ability, and age and is not accounted for by speed-accuracy tradeoffs. The deficit in rapid emotional processing may contribute to ASD difficulties in mimicry, empathy, and related processes. The results highlight the role of rapid early emotion processing in adaptive social-emotional functioning.

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“…Humans tend to unconsciously mimic facial expressions that are congruent with the emotions they perceive, and this mimicry appears to be important for efficiently and accurately detecting emotional states in others (Niedenthal, Brauer, Halberstadt, & Innes-Ker, 2001). Compared with simply observing emotional subject matter, generating facial muscle movements that imitate another's emotional state evokes heightened activation in neural circuits that are implicated in the experience of emotion, such as the inferior frontal cortex, superior temporal cortex, insula, and amygdala (Carr, Iacoboni, Dubeau, Mazziotta, & Luigi Lenzi, 2003;Iacoboni, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation of sad facial expressions and autonomic nervous system responding in boys with disruptive behavior disorders

2007

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Although deficiencies in emotional responding have been linked to externalizing behaviors in children, little is known about how discrete response systems (e.g., expressive, physiological) are coordinated during emotional challenge among these youth. We examined time-linked correspondence of sad facial expressions and autonomic reactivity during an empathy-eliciting task among boys with disruptive behavior disorders (n = 31) and controls (n = 23). For controls, sad facial expressions were associated with reduced sympathetic (lower skin conductance level, lengthened cardiac preejection period [PEP]) and increased parasympathetic (higher respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) activity. In contrast, no correspondence between facial expressions and autonomic reactivity was observed among boys with conduct problems. Furthermore, low correspondence between facial expressions and PEP predicted externalizing symptom severity, whereas low correspondence between facial expressions and RSA predicted internalizing symptom severity. KeywordsConduct problems; Disruptive behavior; Facial expression; Sadness; Autonomic reactivity Conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), jointly labeled as disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) in the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), are among the most common mental health problems facing youth (Achenbach & Howell, 1993;Knitzer, Steinberg, & Fleisch, 1991). There is now a growing body of literature suggesting that children and adolescents with DBDs have difficulties with several domains of empathic responding, including emotional processing and self-appraisals of emotional experiences (de Wied, Goudena, & Matthys, 2005;Douglas & Strayer, 1996;Herpertz et al., 2005;Strand & Nowicki, 1999). However, other components of empathic responding such as displays of sad facial expressions and autonomic reactivity have only begun to receive empirical attention (Blair, 1999;de Wied et al., 2005;Douglas & Strayer, 1996;Herpertz et al., 2005).Functionalist theories of emotion suggests that the synchronization of emotional response systems plays a critical role in emotional health and that desynchronization contributes to the emergence and maintenance of psychopathology (see Ekman, 1992;Kring, Kerr, Smith, & Neale, 1993;Levenson, 1994;Mauss, Levenson, McCarter, Wilhelm, & Gross, 2005;Sloan, Strauss, Quirk, & Sajatovic, 1997). According to this perspective, as emotions unfold over time, the coordination of emotional appraisal, expressive behavior, and physiological responses should improve the reliability and precision of emotion cues and promote efficient behavioral and social responses (Levenson, 1994 (Feldman-Barrett, 2006), with some authors finding low to moderate correlations between experiential, behavioral, and physiological response domains (Buck, 1977;Gross & Levenson, 1993,1997Kettunen, Ravaja, Näätänen, Keltikangas-Jarvinen, 2000;Lanzetta, Cartwright-Smith, & Kleck, 1976;Mauss et al., 2005), others reporting discrepancies in the direction of effects (Notar...

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When did her smile drop? Facial mimicry and the influences of emotional state on the detection of change in emotional expression

Cited by 360 publications

References 29 publications

Gender differences in the neural network of facial mimicry of smiles – An rTMS study

Gender differences in the neural network of facial mimicry of smiles – An rTMS study

Autism and the extraction of emotion from briefly presented facial expressions: Stumbling at the first step of empathy.

Dissociation of sad facial expressions and autonomic nervous system responding in boys with disruptive behavior disorders

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