When Declaring “I am a Feminist” Matters: Labeling is Linked to Activism

Yoder, Janice D.; Tobias, Ann; Snell, Andrea F.

doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9890-3

Cited by 103 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These include the perception that feminists complain about insubstantial discrimination (Roy, Weibust, & Miller, 2009) and the stereotype that feminists are unpleasantly outspoken (Percy & Kremer, 1995;Rich, 2005). Prior studies have found that feminist identity may be related to recognizing and labeling sexist events (Kobrynowicz & Branscombe, 1997;Moradi & Subich, 2002) and engaging in collective action (Duncan, 1999(Duncan, , 2010Liss, Crawford, & Popp, 2004;Nelson et al, 2008;Yoder, Tobias, & Snell, 2011;Zucker, 2004). Furthermore, feminists point to their own experiences with gender discrimination as contributors to their feminist identity development (Klonis, Endo, Crosby, & Worell, 1997;Zucker, 2004), endorse confronting sexist acts (Leaper & Arias, 2011), and report that they have personally taken measures to confront sexism (Ayres, Friedman, & Leaper, 2009;Zucker, 2004).…”

Section: The Feminist Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

By name or by deed? Identifying the source of the feminist stigma

Anastosopoulos

Desmarais

2014

J Applied Social Pyschol

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Prejudice and discrimination against feminists were explored across two contexts, a workplace and a social setting. We examined university students' reactions to a woman who called herself a feminist, behaved like a feminist by challenging sexism, did both, or did neither. In Study 1, participants (N = 177) evaluated a job candidate less favorably when she called herself a feminist after controlling for perceived assertiveness and participants' feminist self‐identification. However, our results showed no evidence of hiring discrimination. In Study 2, participants (N = 184) evaluated a peer less favorably and were less willing to befriend and date her when she called herself a feminist, controlling for perceived assertiveness. Participants were also less willing to befriend her when she behaved like a feminist. The contextual nature of the feminist stigma and the influence of perceived assertiveness are discussed.

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Section: The Feminist Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

By name or by deed? Identifying the source of the feminist stigma

Anastosopoulos

Desmarais

2014

J Applied Social Pyschol

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“…Surprisingly, very little research has focused on African American person's engagement in collective responses to oppression. However, research examining the links between sexism and feminist activism has been conducted (cf., Duncan, 1999;Liss, Crawford, & Popp, 2004;Stake, 2007;Szymanski & Owens, 2009;Yoder, Tobias, & Snell, 2011), underscoring the importance of activism as a variable of study. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which African American persons are involved in a range of African American activism activities and to investigate variables that may predict involvement in African American activism.…”

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confidence: 99%

Racist Events and Individual Coping Styles as Predictors of African American Activism

Szymanski

2011

Journal of Black Psychology

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The purpose of this study was to examine racist events and three individual coping styles (reflective, suppressive, and reactive) as predictors of involvement in African American activism in a sample of 269 African American women and men. In addition, it examined the moderating roles of individual coping styles in the racist events-African American activism link. Results indicated that racist events, reflective coping, and the interaction of racist events and reflective coping uniquely and significantly predicted involvement in African American activism, accounting for 33% of the variance. Racist events and reflective individual coping styles were related to involvement in African American activism. Results also supported a moderating role of individual reflective coping styles in the link between frequency of racist events and involvement in African American activism. That is, participants with high reflective coping engaged in more African American activism than participants with low reflective coping when experiences of racist events were low, but a larger number of racist events mitigated this effect.

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“…Classic models of feminist identity assert the importance of endorsing the label and engaging in activism (Downing & Roush, 1985). Feminist identification is a strong predictor of feminist activism, above and beyond holding feminist attitudes or beliefs (Yoder, Tobias, & Snell, 2011). However, research suggests that women who are activists for feminist causes (e.g., reproductive rights) do not always label themselves ''feminists.''…”

Section: The Sexual Harassment Of Feministsmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Sexism and Feminism Collide

Holland

Cortina

2013

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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The current study examined how feminism relates to women's experiences of sexual harassment-that is, unwanted sexual and sexist conduct in the workplace. We posited that feminism would have both costs (e.g., increasing exposure to harassment) and benefits (e.g., decreasing harassment-related outcomes). We assessed two indicators of feminism: selfidentification as ''feminist'' and engagement in feminist activism. We also measured two subtypes of sexual harassment: sexual-advance and gender harassment. According to survey data from 424 working women, feminist identification predicted fewer gender harassment experiences; once harassed, however, feminist-identified women reported the greatest decrease in job satisfaction and increase in turnover intentions. In contrast, feminist activism related to greater experiences of both kinds of harassment, and activism attenuated some negative outcomes. We further found that (regardless of feminist identification or activism) women who had faced sexual-advance harassment were over 7 times more likely to attach the ''sexual harassment'' label to their experiences, compared to women who had experienced gender harassment alone. In light of our findings, we recommend that sexual harassment laws, policies, and trainings be broadened to encompass all varieties of sexual harassment, including non-stereotypical, non-sexual conduct. Organizations would also benefit from interventions that reduce bias against undervalued persons, including feminists.

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When Declaring “I am a Feminist” Matters: Labeling is Linked to Activism

Cited by 103 publications

References 38 publications

By name or by deed? Identifying the source of the feminist stigma

By name or by deed? Identifying the source of the feminist stigma

Racist Events and Individual Coping Styles as Predictors of African American Activism

When Sexism and Feminism Collide

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