When COVID-19 and guns meet: A rise in shootings

Kim, Dae-Young; Phillips, Scott W.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101783

Cited by 80 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In contrast to the studies conducted in Baltimore, Buffalo, Chicago, New York and Philadelphia, which found an increase in violence associated with firearms during the pandemic in comparison with 2019 [14,32,34], in Mexico City, an overall decrease in reports of gunshots was reported on Twitter across the two periods. This finding also differs from those studies that did not find significant increases in shootings in 25 large cities in the USA in general [11] or in Los Angeles [12].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…Gun violence has also been studied, particularly in the USA, either as part of a set of crimes [11,12] or individually [13][14][15]. Most of these studies begin by registering "a surge in gun sales, driven by public panic and unfounded fears" [32] (p.53).…”

Section: Crime During the Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possibly the most comprehensive study on gun violence during the pandemic is that of Dae and Phillips, who studied changes in gun violence in response to the pandemic and the types of gun violence that experienced the greatest changes in Buffalo (NY), with data from before and after "stay-at-home" policies. Using the ARIMA and Poisson models, they concluded the following: "There were gradual and permanent increases in the number of both non-fatal and gang related shootings during the pandemic" [14] (p.8). These results contrast with other studies, such as that of Abrams (2020) [11], who did not find significant increases in shootings in 25 large US cities, and Campedelli et al (2020) [12], who also found no significant changes in the rates of homicide and assault with deadly weapons in Los Angeles (although not all shootings end in homicides).…”

Section: Crime During the Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One pending issue is the particular effect of the quarantine and lockdown on gun violence. In the USA, the sudden increase in arms purchases indicated a possible rise in gun violence [10] and resulted in specific research that studied this issue, either as part of a set of crimes [11,12] or on its own [13][14][15]. In the rest of the American continent, the analysis of gun violence has generally been included in studies of homicides and battery (during the pandemic [16]), but it is mostly not analyzed as a specific phenomenon (e.g., shootings), possibly due to the lack of official information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Analysis of Gunshot Reports on Twitter in Mexico City

García-Tejeda¹,

Fondevila²,

Siordia³

2021

IJGI

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The quarantine and stay-at-home measures implemented by most governments significantly impacted the volume and distribution of crime, and already, a body of literature exists that focuses on the effects of lockdown on crime. However, the effects of lockdown on firearm violence have yet to be studied. Within this context, this study analyzes reports of gunshots in Mexico City registered on Twitter from October 2018 to 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and from October 2019 to 2020 (during COVID-19), using a combination of spatial (nearest neighbor ratio, Ripley’s K function and kernel estimation) and non-spatial (Fisher’s exact test) methods. The results indicate a spatial concentration of gunshot reports in Mexico City and a reduction in frequency of reports during the pandemic. While they show no change in the overall concentration of gunshots during lockdown, they do indicate an expansion in the patterns of spatial intensity (moving from the west to the center of the city). One possible explanation is the capacity of possible victims of firearm crimes in certain municipalities to comply with lockdown measures and thus avoid exposure to such crimes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Crime During the Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crime During the Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Analysis of Gunshot Reports on Twitter in Mexico City

García-Tejeda¹,

Fondevila²,

Siordia³

2021

IJGI

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“…Table 1 provides summary statistics for the citywide trends in shootings. Prior analysis in Buffalo has shown an increase in shootings post Covid stay at home orders in Buffalo (Kim & Phillips, 2021), which occurred on 3/23/2020. This simple table shows a similar story for all shootings, with an average varying from 13 to 18 shootings per 30 days citywide in the time period of 2010 to 2019.…”

Section: Methodology Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Spatial Distribution of Shooting Violence in Buffalo, NY

et al. 2021

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Objectives: This paper examines the extent to which hotspots of shooting violence changed following the emergence of Covid-19. Methods: This analysis uses Andresen's Spatial Point Pattern test, correcting for multiple comparisons, on a 10year sample of geocoded shooting data from Buffalo New York. Results: This work finds zero micro grid cells are statistically different from pre to post Covid stay at home orders and instead that the observed rise in shootings in the sample appears to be a consistent proportional increase across the city. Conclusions: These findings provide law enforcement with useful information about how to respond to the recent rise in shooting violence but additional work is needed to better understand what, among a number of competing theories, is driving the increase.

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Mass Shootings in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Peña

Jena

2021

JAMA Netw Open

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Mass shootings are rare events with causes that are not well understood, particularly, the extent to which they are responses to social and economic circumstances. The COVID-19 pandemic imposed sudden and additional psychological and financial strains across society through fear of death, social isolation, economic hardship, and general uncertainty. Although several studies have examined how gun violence, homicides, and other crimes have responded to the pandemic, these analyses have focused on small groups of cities and have not considered mass shootings, which are an extreme form of violence whose causes may not be the same. [1][2][3][4] This cross-sectional study analyzes changes in mass shootings in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsThis cross-sectional study used publicly available, aggregated data and was exempt from informed consent and human subjects review at Harvard Medical School. This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline.This cross-sectional study analyzed changes in mass shootings during the COVID-19 pandemic by examining publicly available information about mass shootings in the US between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2021, from the Gun Violence Archive, a repository of gun violence incidents collected from over 7500 law enforcement, media, government, and commercial sources. 5 In the data, mass shootings are defined as shootings in which 4 or more people were killed or injured, not counting the perpetrator (eMethods in the Supplement).

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When COVID-19 and guns meet: A rise in shootings

Cited by 80 publications

References 37 publications

Spatial Analysis of Gunshot Reports on Twitter in Mexico City

Spatial Analysis of Gunshot Reports on Twitter in Mexico City

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Spatial Distribution of Shooting Violence in Buffalo, NY

Mass Shootings in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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