When beggars are choosers—How nesting of a solitary bee is affected by temporal dynamics of pollen plants in the landscape

Persson, Anna; Mazier, Florence; Smith, Henrik G.

doi:10.1002/ece3.4116

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The number of brood cells per nest was counted as a proxy for nesting success. We did not use the amount of holes used in a trap nest (as proxy for the number of nesting females) or the number of cells per hole (as proxy for reproduction per nesting female), because one female could also construct more than one nest (Persson et al ., ) and we did not monitor the nests frequently (Williams & Kremen, ; Persson et al ., ). The pollen in each nest was harvested and stored together in a 50‐ml tube per nest at −20°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that pollen diversity was higher in trap nests situated in heterogeneous landscapes compared with more simplified landscapes with less diverse floral resources. There are only a few studies about the impact of land use and landscape structures on the foraging behaviour of O. cornuta , but the foraging behaviour of other Osmia species was already studied in a landscape context (Williams & Kremen, ; Persson et al ., ). The aim of this study is to evaluate available pollen resources for O. cornuta in regions of differing land use types (agriculture, viticulture, urban, and village‐structured) in eastern Austria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Pollen availability for the Horned mason bee (Osmia cornuta) in regions of different land use and landscape structures

Kratschmer

Petrović

Curto

et al. 2019

Ecological Entomology

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1. Osmia cornuta is a generalist regarding its habitat requirements and is used for pollination in orchards. The species collects pollen from different plant taxa, but pollen richness and pollen quantity in a nest may be affected by land use and landscape structures.2. The availability of pollen resources for O. cornuta was studied across different land use types (one urban, village-structured, agricultural, and viticultural region each) by pollen analysis in the context of landscape structures.3. In total, 16 pollen types were identified in 1180 brood cells of O. cornuta. On average (± SD), the highest pollen richness per region (n = 4) was found in the viticultural region (4.75 ± 0.96) and the lowest in the agricultural region (1 ± 2). Osmia cornuta collected predominantly pollen from the Sorbus-pollen group, which includes Prunus species. Salix was primarily collected in the village-structured and agricultural regions, and Quercus was frequently found in samples from the viticulture region. The highest mean (± SD) number of brood cells per region (n = 4) was found in the viticulture region (136.35 ± 57.45) and the lowest in the agricultural region (20.25 ± 40.5). Increasing proportions of green areas in urban and village-structured regions affected the pollen richness positively, whereas agricultural areas had a negative impact on pollen richness and the number of brood cells.4. It was concluded that the polylectic O. cornuta uses a wide range of flowering plants dependent on their availability. The maintenance of fruit trees as well as willow and oak trees enhances floral resources qualitatively and quantitatively for O.cornuta specifically in intensively farmed agricultural areas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pollen availability for the Horned mason bee (Osmia cornuta) in regions of different land use and landscape structures

Kratschmer

Petrović

Curto

et al. 2019

Ecological Entomology

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“…), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) and buttercup (Ranunculus sp.) and on nectar from diverse floral sources, mainly Rosaceae (including fruit trees) and Brassicaceae (including oilseed rape) [61][62][63][64][65][66]. The collected pollen and nectar are mixed by females in a pollen loaf and served as food for a brood, referred to as larval (food) provision.…”

Section: Experimental Bee Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic Gardens Mitigate Risk of Exposure of Pollinators to Pesticides—An Urban-Rural Case Study Using a Red Mason Bee Species for Biomonitoring

Šlachta

Erban

Votavová³

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Domestic gardens supply pollinators with valuable habitats, but the risk of exposure to pesticides has been little investigated. Artificial nesting shelters of a red mason bee species (Osmia bicornis) were placed in two suburban gardens and two commercial fruit orchards to determine the contamination of forage sources by pesticides. Larval pollen provisions were collected from a total of 14 nests. They consisted mainly of pollen from oaks (65–100% weight/sample), Brassicaceae (≤34% w/s) and fruit trees (≤1.6% w/s). Overall, 30 pesticides were detected and each sample contained a mixture of 11–21 pesticide residues. The pesticide residues were significantly lower in garden samples than in orchard samples. The difference was attributed mainly to the abundant fungicides pyrimethanil and boscalid, which were sprayed in fruit orchards and were present on average at 1004 ppb and 648 ppb in orchard samples, respectively. The results suggested that pollinators can benefit from domestic gardens by foraging from floral sources less contaminated by pesticides than in adjacent croplands.

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“…Traditionally, pollen analysis is based on manual microscopy, which requires skilled experts and is labour‐intensive (e.g. Beil et al., 2008; Persson et al., 2018; Wood et al., 2017). Methods include both bright field and dark field microscopy, and can be combined with different pollen preparation methods such as staining of fresh pollen or acetolysis (Kearns & Inouye, 1993), with the latter also possible to use on fossil pollen (Bourel et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient, automated and robust pollen analysis using deep learning

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Pollen analysis is an important tool in many fields, including pollination ecology, paleoclimatology, paleoecology, honey quality control, and even medicine and forensics. However, labour‐intensive manual pollen analysis often constrains the number of samples processed or the number of pollen analysed per sample. Thus, there is a desire to develop reliable, high‐throughput, automated systems. We present an automated method for pollen analysis, based on deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNN). We scanned microscope slides with fuchsine stained, fresh pollen and automatically extracted images of all individual pollen grains. CNN models were trained on reference samples (122,000 pollen grains, from 347 flowers of 83 species of 17 families). The models were used to classify images of different pollen grains in a series of experiments. We also propose an adjustment to reduce overestimation of sample diversity in cases where samples are likely to contain few species. Accuracy of a model for 83 species was 0.98 when all samples of each species were first pooled, and then split into a training and a validation set (splitting experiment). However, accuracy was much lower (0.41) when individual reference samples from different flowers were kept separate, and one such sample was used for validation of models trained on remaining samples of the species (leave‐one‐out experiment). We therefore combined species into 28 pollen types where a new leave‐one‐out experiment revealed an overall accuracy of 0.68, and recall rates >0.90 in most pollen types. When validating against 63,650 manually identified pollen grains from 370 bumblebee samples, we obtained an accuracy of 0.79, but our adjustment procedure increased this to 0.85. Validation through splitting experiments may overestimate robustness of CNN pollen analysis in new contexts (samples). Nevertheless, our method has the potential to allow large quantities of real pollen data to be analysed with reasonable accuracy. Although compiling pollen reference libraries is time‐consuming, this is simplified by our method, and can lead to widely accessible and shareable resources for pollen analysis.

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When beggars are choosers—How nesting of a solitary bee is affected by temporal dynamics of pollen plants in the landscape

Cited by 31 publications

References 54 publications

Pollen availability for the Horned mason bee (Osmia cornuta) in regions of different land use and landscape structures

Pollen availability for the Horned mason bee (Osmia cornuta) in regions of different land use and landscape structures

Domestic Gardens Mitigate Risk of Exposure of Pollinators to Pesticides—An Urban-Rural Case Study Using a Red Mason Bee Species for Biomonitoring

Efficient, automated and robust pollen analysis using deep learning

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