When and why do trees begin to decrease their resource allocation to apical growth? The importance of the reproductive onset

Suzuki, Maki; Umeki, Kiyoshi; Orman, Olga; Shibata, Mitsue; Tanaka, Hiroshi; Iida, S.; Nakashizuka, Tohru; Masaki, Takashi

doi:10.1007/s00442-019-04477-y

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Overall synergy of growth and survival at sizes >D30 may therefore be constrained by phylogenetics. This synergy may come at the expense of reproduction (Shibata & Tanaka, 2002;Suzuki et al, 2019). The synergies and trade-offs found in this study should be tested to assess the polylemma of growth, survival, reproduction, etc.…”

Section: Relationship Between Survival and Growthmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This implies that the maximum size of these other species is determined by factors other than elevated mortality at maximum size. Their maximum size may be regulated by stasis, a potential cause of which is the onset of sexual reproduction under a closed canopy (Matsui, 1995;Suzuki et al, 2019).…”

Section: Variations In Mortality Among Size Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On average, trees in the study area with a DBH of 10 cm are approximately 10 m tall (Masaki et al, 2017). These trees form a subcanopy layer and are typically nearly half the height of the overstory canopy (Suzuki et al, 2019). This implies that tree species in the study area may differ in terms of their regeneration traits most markedly around the midpoint of their height growth course.…”

Section: Relationship Between Survival and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interspecific variation in mortality and growth and changes in their relationship with size class in an old‐growth temperate forest

Masaki

Kitagawa

Nakashizuka

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Understanding trade‐offs between demographic parameters is crucial when investigating community assembly rules in high‐diversity forests. To this end, we estimated mortality and growth parameters, and correlations among them, across entire size classes for 17 tree species ( Betula , Carpinus , Fagus , Quercus , Castanea , Acer , Cerasus , Swida , Kalopanax , and Styrax ) using a dataset over 18 years obtained from an old‐growth forest in Japan. Size classes were represented by 12 categories determined by age, height, and diameter at breast height (DBH) from new seedlings to stems of DBH >85 cm. We derived the annual mortality and growth for each species and class using estimates of transition probabilities between classes. Trade‐offs or synergies in growth and survival among species per size class were analyzed with and without the inclusion of phylogenetic relationships. Annual mortality showed U‐shaped patterns across size classes for species that could potentially reach a DBH ≥55 cm: 0.2–0.98 for seedlings, 0.002–0.01 at DBH 35–45 cm, and ca. 0.01 at DBH ≥55 cm. Other species demonstrated monotonically decreasing mortality toward specific maximum size classes. When phylogenetic information was included in analyses, the correlations between survival and growth changed across size classes were significant for some classes: As an overall tendency, synergy was observed in growth and survival for seedling to sapling classes, trade‐offs for juvenile to DBH 15–25 cm classes, and synergy again for larger classes. When phylogenetic information was not included, a significant trade‐off was observed only at DBH 5–15 cm. Synthesis . Trade‐offs at intermediate classes imply differentiation in demographic characteristics related to life history strategies. However, evolutionarily obtained demographic characteristics are not substantial drivers of niche differentiation in the study area. The polylemma of mortality, growth, and other parameters such as the onset of reproduction may also be important factors driving species‐specific demographic traits.

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Section: Relationship Between Survival and Growthmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Variations In Mortality Among Size Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationship Between Survival and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interspecific variation in mortality and growth and changes in their relationship with size class in an old‐growth temperate forest

Masaki

Kitagawa

Nakashizuka

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

Self Cite

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“…These very small plants reproduce infrequently: over 70% of years have no seed set (Bogdziewicz et al, 2020c). In trees, these could correspond to small individuals racing to reach the canopy, prioritizing growth over reproduction (Suzuki et al, 2019). These small trees sporadically reproduce as resource availability increases, being under selection against delayed reproduction due to elevated mortality rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masting ontogeny: the largest masting benefits accrue to the largest trees

Szymkowiak,

Hacket-Pain,

Kelly

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Masting, variable and synchronized seed production across years by a population of perennial plants, enhances reproductive efficiency through increasing pollination efficiency and decreasing seed predation. Masting represents a population-level phenomenon generated from individual plant behaviors. While the developmental trajectory of individual plants influences their masting behavior, the translation of such changes into benefits derived from masting remains unexplored. We used 43 years of seed production monitoring in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) to address that gap. The largest improvements in reproductive efficiency from masting happen in the largest trees. Masting leads to a 49-fold reduction in seed predation in large, compared to 20-fold in small trees. Masting yields an 8-fold increase in pollination efficiency in large, compared to 1.8-fold in small trees. Paradoxically, although the largest trees show the biggest reproductive efficiency benefits from masting, large trees mast less strongly than small trees. That apparently suboptimal allocation of effort across years by large plants may be a consequence of anatomical constraints or bet-hedging. Ontogenetic shifts in individual masting behavior and associated variable benefits have implications for the reproductive potential of plant populations as their age distribution changes, with applications in plant conservation and management.

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“…All these stages, the allocation of the resources produced by photosynthesis evolves accordingly and should be studied in more detail. It is known that trees invest more in trunks than in branches or leaves as they age [122]; it is also known that they grow less tall once they reach sexual maturity [123]; and we are also beginning to understand the process of rhizodeposition and estimate its importance in the carbon cycle in the storage of this element in the form of organic molecules of different complexity in the soil [124]; it has been found that such deposition is associated with selected soil microorganisms [125], and that these microorganisms are often symbionts of plant roots that activate a new process called rhizophagy [126]. I would not be surprised to read that different qualities of soil organic matter and microbiomes correspond to forest humus systems and their horizons; Rendzina in different environments are different plant-soil systems and produce humic acids with different molecular weight and functionality [127].…”

Section: Examples In Alpine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-Conscious Forestry and the Forbidden Apple

Zanella,

Bernier,

Zampedri

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We propose a silviculture with a purely biological logic that takes soil into account. The article is divided into three parts: 1) presentation of the issue in the context of biodiversity and forest pro-tection; 2) impact of the soil functioning on forestry; 3) possible implementation of soil functioning in forestry practice, to support and protect a non-or minimally anthropized evolution of the forest. The first chapter illustrates the importance of the forest for the future of the planet and our human species, referring to recently published works on the topic of climate warming and biodiversity. The second illustrates the aspects that link soil dynamics to the silvogenetic cycle, focusing on the humipedon (organic and organo-mineral surface horizons, approximately the first 30 cm of forest soil), and more significant carbon storage in old forests since up to 2/3 is found in the soil. In the third chapter we consider the possibility of lengthening the forestry cycle, to allow the return of nutrients to the soil. Theoretical graphs and distribution models of the number of trees as a func-tion of diameter and age are reported, with examples of logging in uneven Alpine forests, with reference to Swiss fir-beech forests published on the Pro-Silva website.

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When and why do trees begin to decrease their resource allocation to apical growth? The importance of the reproductive onset

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Interspecific variation in mortality and growth and changes in their relationship with size class in an old‐growth temperate forest

Interspecific variation in mortality and growth and changes in their relationship with size class in an old‐growth temperate forest

Masting ontogeny: the largest masting benefits accrue to the largest trees

Soil-Conscious Forestry and the Forbidden Apple

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