When access to drugs meets catch-up: Insights from the use of CL threats to improve access to ARV drugs in Brazil

Ramani, Shyama V.; Urias, Eduardo

doi:10.1016/j.respol.2018.05.008

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“… Authors (no. of events covered Country Drug(s) 1 Beall et al ( 2015 ) ( n = 17) Brazil Ecuador Indonesia Malaysia Rwanda Thailand Zimbabwe Atazanavir sulfate|150 mg Efavirenz|600 mg Abacavir + Lamivudine|600 mg + 300 mg Lopinavir + Ritonavir|100 mg + 25 mg, 200 mg + 50 mg Ritonavir|100 mg Lamivudine|600 mg Lamivudine + Nevirapine + Zidovudine|150 mg + 200 mg + 300 mg Lamivudine + Zidovudine|150 mg + 300 mg Nevirapine|200 mg Didanosine|100 mg, 250 mg Zidovudine|100 mg 2 Ford et al ( 2007 ) ( n = 3) Brazil Efavirenz|600 mg Lopinavir + Ritonavir|200 mg + 50 mg 3 Ramani and Urias ( 2018 ) ( n = 1) Brazil Efavirenz|600 mg 4 Rodrigues and Soler ( 2009 ) ( n = 1) Brazil Efavirenz|600 mg 5 Saroha et al ( 2015 ) ( n = 2) Brazil India Efavirenz|600 mg Sorafenib 6 Stirner and Thangaraj ( 2013 ) ( n = 2) India Rwanda Sorafenib Lamivudine + Nevirapine + Zidovudine|150 mg + 200 mg + 300 mg 7 Mohara et al ( 2012 ) ( n = 7) Thailand Clopidogrel bisulfate Docetaxel Efavirenz|200 mg Efavirenz|600 mg Erlotinib Letrozole Lopinavir + Ritonavir|200 mg + 50 mg 8 Thanitcul and Braslow ( 2013 ) Thailand <...>…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… CL compulsory licensing a Reported as CL for local production in Ford et al ( 2007 ) b Reported as CL for local production in Thanitcul and Braslow ( 2013 ) c It is not reported as a CL event in Ramani and Urias ( 2018 ) d We reported the mean price variation for the CL events for which there is data from multiple sources e The drug was imported from India until local production could commence. Therefore, for the same CL event, the included studies report prices for both the imported and the locally produced generic drug …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Access to medicines after TRIPS: Is compulsory licensing an effective mechanism to lower drug prices? A review of the existing evidence

Urias

Ramani

2020

J Int Bus Policy

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While Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was expected to hike up prices of patented medicines, there was no consensus on its likely final impact on access, because the agreement housed instruments to address this challenge. For instance, compulsory licensing, through the facilitation of price reductions, was considered to be an important countermeasure. However, little is known about the extent to which compulsory licensing has actually been effective in reducing prices of much-needed patented drugs. To fill this gap, this paper undertakes a systematic-review of the existing evidence on the impact of compulsory licensing on drug prices. Retrieval and analysis of 51 observations of pre- and post-compulsory licensing prices indicate that a compulsory licensing event is likely to reduce the price of a patented drug, albeit with some caveats. Moreover, compulsory licensing procurement from the international market is likely to be more effective in reducing drug prices than contracts to local companies. These findings are reconfirmed in the race to improve access to Remdesivir for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Clearly, the future incidence and impact of compulsory licensing will depend on further possible procedural refinements to ease its implementation, the development of technological and manufacturing capabilities in developing countries, and the importance of biologics among life-saving drugs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to medicines after TRIPS: Is compulsory licensing an effective mechanism to lower drug prices? A review of the existing evidence

Urias

Ramani

2020

J Int Bus Policy

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“…Research in the pharmaceutical industry has showed that triggers for technological capacity building in the pharmaceutical include changes in the IPR framework (Guennif and Ramani 2012), and the drive for access to medicines (Shadlen and Fonseca 2013). These two factors together, in turn, influence and are influenced by the current state of technological capabilities (Ramani and Urias 2018). The State is a central actor in such a system and can open 'policy windows of opportunity' for creation and accumulation of technological capabilities through the two types of actions mentioned above.…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential synergies between industrial and health policies for access to medicines: insights from the Brazilian policy of universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment

Urias

2019

Innovation and Development

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The purpose of this study is to illustrate how industrial policy can support health policy through the construction of technological and innovation capabilities. This paper provides insights on this topic by examining the Brazilian ability to make patented antiretroviral (ARV) drugs universally accessible to people living with HIV/AIDS in the country. The Brazilian case study demonstrates the crucial role of industrial policy in making the use of compulsory licensing in price negotiations with pharmaceutical multinational corporations to improve the access to patented ARV drugs. The evidence presented in this paper supports that it is indeed possible to achieve synergies between industrial and health policy in order to improve the access to medicines and promote accumulation of technological capabilities in pharmaceuticals. Several policy instruments and initiatives, both horizontal and vertical, were implemented to support the industrial dimension of the successful Brazilian health strategy. These initiatives include direct support to capacity building, public procurement, and institutional changes. Furthermore, industrial policy initiatives can contribute to success of health programmes either immediately or with a time lag. Finally, the lessons learned from the Brazilian experience are re-specified and its relevance to other less developed countries, particularly those deprived of industrial capabilities, is discussed.

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“…Sebagai tambahan untuk empat keyakinan (belief) atau persepsi. Aspek-aspek negatif yang potensial dalam suatu upaya kesehatan (seperti: ketidakpastian, efek samping) atau penghalang yang dirasakan (seperti: khawatir tidak cocok, tidak senang, gugup) yang mungkin berperan sebagai halangan untuk merekomendasikan suatu perilaku (Ramani & Urias, 2018).…”

Section: Perceived Barrier Of Actionunclassified

“…Setiap responden memiliki ketahanan psikologis yang berbeda -beda sebagai salah satunya adalah stigma dari masyarakat yang juga bisa menjadi hambatan bagi pasien selama menjalani pengobatan ARV. Stigma berawal dari adanya pemahaman yang salah mengenai cara penularan HIV/AIDS dan anggapan bahwa HIV/AIDS merupakan penyakit yang menjijikan yang menjangkiti orang yang menyimpang perilaku seksualnya (Ramani & Urias, 2018). Kondisi yang justru menghambat pengobatan misalnya takut diketahui pasangannya sebagai penderita HIV/AIDS sehingga harus berhenti terapi (Rosiana, 2014).…”

Section: Perceived Barrier Of Actionunclassified

Perception of People Living With HIV/AIDS Affecting Lost to Follow-Up of ARV Therapy

Manowati

Purwaningsih

Bakar

2019

CMSNJ

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ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Penderita HIV / AIDS harus mengonsumsi ARV setiap hari dan rutin kontrol setiap bulannya untuk mengambil ARV di rumah sakit yang membuat penderita beresiko memiliki perilaku lost to follow up. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor -faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku lost follow-up pada pasien HIV/AIDS dengan terapi ARV di RSUD Dr Soetomo Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi sebanyak 135 pasien dan didapatkan 100 pasien dengan consequtive sampling. Variabel independen adalah perceived susceptability, perceived severity, perceived barrier to action, perceived benefit of action, cues to action, dan selfefficacy. Variabel dependen adalah perilaku lost to follow up. Data diperoleh dengan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan Spearman's Rho.Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara perceived susceptability (p=0,002), perceived severity (p=0,025), perceived barrier to action (p=0,022), cues to action (p=0,011) dengan perilaku lost to follow up. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara perceived benefit of action (p=0,196) dan self-efficacy (p=0,071) dengan perilaku lost to follow up.Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan tentang pentingnya manfaat dari ARV perlu ditingkat kepada pasien dengan ARV serta kesadaran diri pasien untuk rutin kontrol dan mengonsumsi obat ARV. Peneliti selanjutnya disarankan untuk melakukan penelitian secara mendalam (penelitian kualitatif) terkait penyebab pasien memilih untuk melakukan lost to follow up, serta dapat menemukan kebaharuan atau aplikasi sebagai pengingat dan monitoring jadwal pasien untuk melakukan kontrol ke rumah sakit. ABSTRACTIntroduction: People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) must consume antiretrovirals every day and control routinely each month to take ARVs in the hospital. The condition makes patients having a risk of lost to follow up behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to the behavior of lost to follow-up on people living with hiv/aids with arv therapy at rsud Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Method:This study used descriptive correlation design with a cross-sectional approach. The population were 135 patients and 100 patients were required as research participant with consequtive sampling. Independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barrier to action, perceived benefits of action, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The dependent variable was lost to follow up behavior. Data were obtained by questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman's Rho.Result: People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) must consume antiretrovirals every day and control routinely each month to take ARVs in the hospital. The condition makes patients having a risk of lost to follow up behavior. The purpose of this study was to

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When access to drugs meets catch-up: Insights from the use of CL threats to improve access to ARV drugs in Brazil

Cited by 10 publications

References 120 publications

Access to medicines after TRIPS: Is compulsory licensing an effective mechanism to lower drug prices? A review of the existing evidence

Access to medicines after TRIPS: Is compulsory licensing an effective mechanism to lower drug prices? A review of the existing evidence

The potential synergies between industrial and health policies for access to medicines: insights from the Brazilian policy of universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment

Perception of People Living With HIV/AIDS Affecting Lost to Follow-Up of ARV Therapy

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