When a mother has cancer: strains and resources of affected families from the mother’s and father’s perspective - a qualitative study

Abstract

BackgroundWhen a mother has cancer, families with minor children are confronted with major challenges for all family members. According to the Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response (FAAR) Model, the (im) balance between strains and resources of families affected by cancer can be an important indicator on the families’ adjustment to the situation. Hence, this study aims to explore the strains and resources of families of mothers with cancer from the mother’s and father’s perspective.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with 29 mothers diagnosed with cancer and ten fathers. The data was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsBoth, mothers and fathers, reported a general impact of the disease regarding social and practical changes as well as strong emotional reactions. Parents reported specific strains and stressors regarding their parental role e.g. changes in the self-concept as a parent or fears and concerns about the children. Many mothers additionally experienced feelings of guilt. All fathers reported an increase of responsibilities and pressure. Both, the ill and healthy parent, reported strains and stressors for their children, e.g. parents observed behavioral changes and strong emotional reactions in their children. Families used a variety of resources and coping strategies on external, family and intrapersonal levels to encounter the challenges of the disease. They reported that e.g. support networks, flexible working hours and competent medical staff were helpful. Moreover, on the family level e.g. family time, open communication and the children themselves were considered to be important resources. On the intrapersonal level, parents reported resources such as setting small aims for the future and taking time for oneself.ConclusionsOur findings indicate a high amount and diversity of stressors and strains for the ill and healthy parent and for their children. At the same time, parents use diverse resources and coping strategies on external, family or intrapersonal level. The assessment of strains and resources may be an important indicator for the support needs of families when a mother has cancer. Enhancing and activating resources and coping strategies may help the families to manage the situation better and may prevent maladjustment in the family members.

Psychosocial and family‐centered support among breast cancer patients with dependent children

“…Breast cancer (BC) patients with dependent children face a conflicting situation, as they are burdened by simultaneously being a mother, patient, and worker 1,2 . From the medical perspective, young BC patients are often affected by worse prognoses 3 and an impaired QOL 4 .…”

“…From the medical perspective, young BC patients are often affected by worse prognoses 3 and an impaired QOL 4 . From the parental perspective, the disease comes along with various stressors, such as the fear of their children being distressed and feelings of guilt 2 . Furthermore, the whole family life is affected: children lose their daily routines, mothers are less often available and can lose the status of being the children's closest attachment figure 2 .…”

“…From the parental perspective, the disease comes along with various stressors, such as the fear of their children being distressed and feelings of guilt 2 . Furthermore, the whole family life is affected: children lose their daily routines, mothers are less often available and can lose the status of being the children's closest attachment figure 2 . The healthy parent has to maintain daily life, take on more or all responsibilities and duties and stay strong for the other family members 2 .…”

“…Furthermore, the whole family life is affected: children lose their daily routines, mothers are less often available and can lose the status of being the children's closest attachment figure 2 . The healthy parent has to maintain daily life, take on more or all responsibilities and duties and stay strong for the other family members 2 . In this dilemma, BC patients report that they prioritize their family's well‐being over their needs as a patient, for example seeking support for themselves.…”

“…They fear taking up additional family time and desire to restore normality as fast as possible 1 . On the other hand, the family provides mental support and functions as a resource: children as a source of joy represent the main motivation to fight the disease and keep going 2 . When understood as a resource, 2 it is crucial to pay attention to the family members' mental well‐being as well.…”