Wheel-Running Facilitates Phase Advances in Locomotor and Peripheral Circadian Rhythm in Social Jet Lag Model Mice

Abstract

The circadian clock maintains our health by controlling physiological functions. Social jet lag is one factor that can disrupt the body clock. This is caused by the difference in sleeping hours between weekdays when we live according to social time and holidays when we live according to our body clock. The body clock can be altered by exercise, nutrition, and stress, and several studies have reported that these factors can be used to improve a disturbed body clock. Here we focused on exercise and examined whether continuous wheel-running could improve the disordered body clock in a mouse model that mimics social jet lag. The results showed that the wheel-running exercise group showed faster synchronization of the onset of activities on weekdays which had been delayed by social jet lag and the results were even more pronounced in the high-fat diet feeding condition. Also, when the expression rhythms of the clock genes were examined, they experienced a sudden time shift in the advance light condition or social jet lag condition, it was found that the wheel-running group had a higher ability to adapt to the advance direction. Thus, it is possible that the effective inclusion of exercise in human, especially those who eat high-fat foods, life can improve the disordered body clock in terms of social jet lag.

Effects of time-restricted exercise on activity rhythms and exercise-induced adaptations in the heart

“…Similar increases in Per2 expression in skeletal muscle have also been observed after both acute aerobic and resistance exercise 45 . Using the Per2 luciferase reporter mouse, studies have also shown the phase shifting ability of exercise in peripheral tissues 40 , 46 , 47 , however, this technique has not been used in the heart. More studies into how exercise affects the cardiomyocyte circadian clock are needed to better understand its influence.…”

Euglena gracilis-derived β-glucan paramylon entrains the peripheral circadian clocks in mice

“…Under conditions mimicking SJL, the time of light going on and off was delayed on weekends for 6 h, and thereafter from Monday, normal LD conditions were maintained (light: dark = 12:12) ( Figure 1 ). We established and used the SJL mice model in previous studies ( 26 , 27 ), and, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the way to reduce the SJL using this SJL mimicking model.…”

The Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens as Circadian Oscillators: Implications for Drug Abuse and Substance Use Disorders

“…Notably, in mice, LAN not only disrupts circadian rhythms, but also alters metabolism, immune function, stress, anxiety-like behavior, and mood-related behaviors ( Fonken et al, 2010 ; Bedrosian et al, 2013 ; Fonken et al, 2013 ; Fonken and Nelson, 2014 ; Russart and Nelson, 2018 ; Walker et al, 2020a , Walker et al, 2020b ; Bumgarner and Nelson, 2021 , Walker et al, 2021 ). However, more translational models of circadian rhythm disruption such as LAN, or even social jet lag and shift work ( Wittmann et al, 2006 ; Barclay et al, 2012 ; Opperhuizen et al, 2015 ; Haraguchi et al, 2021 ; Oneda et al, 2022 ), have been heavily underutilized in the study of circadian rhythm disruption and drug abuse, especially in the context of VTA and NAc circadian function. Future studies would benefit from utilizing these models to understand how unhealthy light practices (e.g., LAN, social jet lag, night shift work, etc.)…”