Wheel running alters serotonin (5-HT) transporter, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and alpha1b-adrenergic receptor mRNA in the rat raphe nuclei

Greenwood, Benjamin N.; Foley, Teresa E.; Day, Heidi E.W.; Burhans, Daniel; Brooks, Leah; Campeau, Serge; Fleshner, Monika

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.025

Cited by 126 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Rats in all experiments displayed running behavior similar to what we have previously reported in Fischer rats (Greenwood et al, 2005a, Greenwood et al, 2005b. Rats increased their running distances from 6.3 ± 0.57 km/week during the first week to 18.2 ± 1.9 km/week by the 3 rd week of running.…”

Section: Wheel Running Modulates the Effect Of Is On Bdnf Proteinsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…However, wheel running alters neither adrenocorticotropin hormone nor corticosterone responses to severe inescapable shock (Dishman, 1997b, 1997a, Fleshner, 2000. On the other hand, wheel running does produce changes in the 5-HT system that are consistent with constraint of 5-HT activity during IS , Greenwood et al, 2005a, Greenwood et al, 2005b. These data, along with the current observation that wheel running blocked the decrease in BDNF produced by either IS or a single injection of fluoxetine, which rapidly increases 5-HT release in the hippocampus (Hervas et al, 2000), support the hypothesis that wheel running prevents ISinduced BDNF suppression by reducing the inhibitory effects of 5-HT on BDNF.…”

Section: The Role Of Bdnf In the Protective Effect Of Wheel Running Amentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Slices through the hippocampus or frontal cortex were thaw-mounted directly onto polylysine-coated slides and stored at −80°C until processed for single-labeled radioactive in situ hybridization as described elsewhere (Day and Akil, 1996, Greenwood et al, 2005b. Briefly, sections were fixed in 4% PF for 1 hr, acetylated in 0.1 M triethenolamine containing 0.25% acetic anhydride (10 min), and dehydrated in graded alcohol.…”

Section: In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learned helplessness is independent of levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus

et al. 2007

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Reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus have been implicated in human affective disorders and behavioral stress responses. The current studies examined the role of BDNF in the behavioral consequences of inescapable stress, or learned helplessness. Inescapable stress decreased BDNF mRNA and protein in the hippocampus of sedentary rats. Rats allowed voluntary access to running wheels for either 3 or 6 weeks prior to exposure to stress were protected against stress-induced reductions of hippocampal BDNF protein.The observed prevention of stress-induced deceases in BDNF, however, occurred in a time course inconsistent with the prevention of learned helplessness by wheel running, which is evident following 6 weeks, but not 3 weeks, of wheel running. BDNF suppression in physically active rats was produced by administering a single injection of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (10 mg/ kg) just prior to stress. Despite reduced levels of hippocampal BDNF mRNA following stress, physically active rats given the combination of fluoxetine and stress remained resistant against learned helplessness. Sedentary rats given both fluoxetine and stress still demonstrated typical learned helplessness behaviors. Fluoxetine by itself reduced BDNF mRNA in sedentary rats only, but did not affect freezing or escape learning 24 hours later. Finally, bilateral injections of BDNF (1 μg) into the dentate gyrus prior to stress prevented stress-induced reductions of hippocampal BDNF but did not prevent learned helplessness in sedentary rats.These data indicate that learned helplessness behaviors are independent of the presence or absence of hippocampal BDNF because blocking inescapable stress-induced BDNF suppression does not always prevent learned helplessness, and learned helplessness does not always occur in the presence of reduced BDNF. Results also suggest that the prevention of stress-induced hippocampal BDNF suppression is not necessary for the protective effect of wheel running against learned helplessness.

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Section: Wheel Running Modulates the Effect Of Is On Bdnf Proteinsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: The Role Of Bdnf In the Protective Effect Of Wheel Running Amentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learned helplessness is independent of levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus

et al. 2007

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“…Because exercise in rodents is anxiolytic and has been associated with alterations in central 5-HT functioning (Greenwood et al, 2004), we tested whether exercise in mice would be associated with a decrease in the anxiogenic effect of mCPP. C57BL/6J mice were given 2 weeks of voluntary access to a running wheel.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise is associated with reduction in the anxiogenic effect of mCPP on acoustic startle.

Fox

Hammack²,

Falls³

2008

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Voluntary exercise has been associated with reduced anxiety across several animal models. Manipulation of central 5-HT can alter anxiety-like behaviors and administration of the 5-HT agonist metachlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) increases anxiety in rodents and humans. To examine whether the anxiolytic effect of exercise is associated with an alteration in 5-HT systems, we examined the anxiogenic effect of mCPP in exercising and nonexercising mice. C57BL/6J mice were given 2 weeks of free access to either a functioning or nonfunctioning running wheel. Mice were then tested for acoustic startle following systemic injection of either 0, 0.1, 0.3, or 1 mg/kg of mCPP. Consistent with its anxiogenic properties, mCPP produced a dose-dependent increase in acoustic startle in nonexercising mice. However, this anxiogenic effect was blunted in exercising mice. These findings suggest that exercise may help to reduce anxiety by altering 5-HT systems, perhaps by down-regulating postsynaptic 5HT 2B/2C receptors.

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“…An increase in 5-HT depends on the exercise types or the endurance running capacity. Wheel running significantly elevates 5-HT1A autoreceptor mRNA in the dorsal raphe compared to sedentary controls (56,57). A number of experiments support the hypothesis that constraints of the 5-HT system during physical activity could be involved in the onset of exercise-induced fatigue observed in animals (58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effects of <i>Phellinus linteus </i>Administration on Serotonin Synthesis in the Brain and Expression of Monocarboxylate Transporters in the Muscle during Exhaustive Exercise in Rats

Seo

Sung

Kim

et al. 2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary This study was conducted to determine the effects of Phellinus linteus (PL) on serotonin synthesis in the brain and on the expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in muscles during exhaustive exercise in rats. In this study, 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following 6 groups: control; exercise; exercise and 50 mg/kg of PL treatment; exercise and 100 of mg/kg PL treatment; exercise and 200 mg/kg of PL treatment; and exercise and 100 mg/kg of caffeine treatment. Treatment with 200 mg/kg of PL led to a significant increase in the time to exhaustion in response to running on a treadmill and a significant decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and tryptophan hydroxylase expression in the dorsal raphe of rats. MCT1 and MCT4 expression of the gastrocnemius muscles was also increased in response to treatment with 200 mg/kg of PL. The results of the present study demonstrated that the administration of PL increased endurance exercise performance through inhibition of serotonin production in the brain and increased the expression of MCT1 and MCT4 in muscles. These results suggest that PL exerts an ergogenic effect.

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Wheel running alters serotonin (5-HT) transporter, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and alpha1b-adrenergic receptor mRNA in the rat raphe nuclei

Cited by 126 publications

References 118 publications

Learned helplessness is independent of levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus

Learned helplessness is independent of levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus

Exercise is associated with reduction in the anxiogenic effect of mCPP on acoustic startle.

Effects of <i>Phellinus linteus </i>Administration on Serotonin Synthesis in the Brain and Expression of Monocarboxylate Transporters in the Muscle during Exhaustive Exercise in Rats

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