Wheat plants regenerated from embryo cell cultures.

Shimada, Takehiko; Yamada, Yasuyuki

doi:10.1266/jjg.54.379

Cited by 70 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This demands an efficient and sustained capacity to regenerate plants from cell cultures. Recent research has demonstrated that such a requirement is realisable in previously recalcitrant crop plants such as wheat (Shimada and Yamada 1979), rice (Oono 1978b) and important legumes (Bingham et al 1975;Beach and Smith 1979;Phillips and Collins 1979;Kao and Michayluk 1980;dos Santos et al 1980) possibly including soybean (Saka et al 1980). Somaclonal variation may find its greatest application for plant improvement in concert with selection for desirable mutations at the cellular level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somaclonal variation — a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement

Larkin

Scowcroft

1981

Theoret. Appl. Genetics

2,637

993

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It is concluded from a review of the literature that plant cell culture itself generates genetic variability (somaclonal variation). Extensive examples are discussed of such variation in culture subclones and in regenerated plants (somaclones). A number of possible mechanisms for the origin of this phenomenon are considered. It is argued that this variation already is proving to be of significance for plant improvement. In particular the phenomenon may be employed to enhance the exchange required in sexual hybrids for the introgression of desirable alien genes into a crop species. It may also be used to generate variants of a commercial cultivar in high frequency without hybridizing to other genotypes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somaclonal variation — a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement

Larkin

Scowcroft

1981

Theoret. Appl. Genetics

2,637

993

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“…Excised barley embryos measuring 90 ,um in length could grow rapidly in phosphate-enriched White's medium (7). Plants were successfully regenerated from a callus that resulted from the growth of young wheat embryos (14-31 d old) on RM-64 media supplemented with 2,4-D (10). Plants from regenerable callus, obtained by growing immature embryos on MS' + 2,4-D, have even been reported to produce seeds (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Root Formation in Deteriorated (Aged) Wheat Embryos

Das

Sen-Mandi²

1988

Plant Physiol.

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Inability of aged seeds to grow into successful plants in the field is primarily due to their age-associated loss of rooting ability. The present work describes an attempt to initiate roots in nonrooting aged embryos of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Data presented give a comparative study of root formation and seedling growth on different culture media. Such studies indicate that sucrose alone is enough to bring about root development in nonrooting aged embryos.The ability of nutrient media to achieve improved growth of isolated immature and mature embryos has often been reported in the literature. Excised barley embryos measuring 90 ,um in length could grow rapidly in phosphate-enriched White's medium (7). Plants were successfully regenerated from a callus that resulted from the growth of young wheat embryos (14-31 d old) on RM-64 media supplemented with 2,4-D (10). Plants from regenerable callus, obtained by growing immature embryos on MS' + 2,4-D, have even been reported to produce seeds (9). Again, immature embryos of Medicago sativa directly produced complete plants in hormone-free MS medium (5).Embryos that have completed organogenesis (mature embryos) but have failed to germinate in intact seeds under favorable germination conditions (presumably due to deterioration of inherent germination ability) have been reported to germinate successfully in culture media (3). Growth of mature, nongerminating (due to insufficient pre-germination imbibition) embryos of pea when cultured aseptically in hormone-free medium of Raghavan and Torry (8) was reported to respond to different concentrations of sucrose in the medium (4). Our work describes the effect of nutrient medium on rooting ability and the growth pattern of embryos isolated from appreciably deteriorated wheat seeds. MATERIALS AND METHODSWheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L. cv HD 2189) were obtained from Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. Deteriorated wheat seeds showing low germination2 percentage (I1% G) were prepared by the method described earlier (2).Dehydrogenase activity was assayed by reducing TTC to form formazan. Hundreds of 99% G and 1% G wheat seeds were imbibed in water for 1 h and then incubated on moist cotton at 'Abbreviations: MS, Murashige and Skoog medium; G, germinating; HMS, half the concentration of all the components of MS medium; TTC, 2,4-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. 2Growth of embryos initiated by protrusion of radicle or plumule.25 ± 1°C for 1 h. The seeds were then cut longitudinally into two identical halves; each half was immersed in freshly prepared 0.2% TTC solution for 20 min at 25 ± 1°C. The half seeds were washed thoroughly in distilled water and were placed in moist cotton, embryo facing upward. The extent of colored region in each half was assessed visually. The stainability pattern of individual embryos was categorized into diagrammatic representations ( Fig. 1, A-F). The percentage of embryos stained under each category was scored in the two G stocks (viz. 99% and 1% G). The results are pres...

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“…They grew vigorously and developed green stops (Fig. 3), appearing similar to the cultures derived from young embryos (Shimada and Yamada 1979) or stems (Shimada 1979). When transferred to the RM-64 basal medium supplemented with 1 mg/1 IAA and kinetin, these calluses formed many shoots and roots (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Haploid plants regenerated from the pollen callus of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Shimada

1981

The Japanese journal of genetics

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Anthers of Triticum aestivum L, cv. Chinese Spring and of some Japanese and Chinese wheat cultivars were cultured on the N6 basal medium supplemented with inositol, glutamine, serine and 2, 4-D after the treatment with low temperature (5°C) for 7 days. Haploid calluses were obtained from the pollen of Chinese Spring, Orof en, Dansheng 15 and (Orof en x Hsiaoyen)F1i and were maintained by continuous subcultures, in which calluses were transferred once for every 30 to 40 days on the PM-64 basal medium supplemented with 2 mg Jl of 2, 4-D. Many regenerated plantlets were obtained on the RM-64 basal medium supplemented with 1 mg Ji of IAA and kinetin. The regenerated plants were mostly haploid and green. A few plants from Orofen and Dansheng 15 were diploid. The haploid calluses remained capability of differentiation to plantlets for about a year, and normal plants were restored from them. These haploid calluses from wheat pollen may be useful in mutant selection studies.

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Wheat plants regenerated from embryo cell cultures.

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Somaclonal variation — a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement

Somaclonal variation — a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement

Root Formation in Deteriorated (Aged) Wheat Embryos

Haploid plants regenerated from the pollen callus of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

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