Wheat-Paddy Straw Biochar: An Ecological Solution of Stubble Burning in the Agroecosystems of Punjab and Haryana Region, India, A Synthesis

Tokas, Diksha; Singh, Siril; Yadav, Rajni; Kumar, Pardeep; Sharma, Sheenu; Singh, Anand Narain

doi:10.12691/aees-9-6-6

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…After the harvesting of rice crops, a massive quantity of rice straw and stubble is produced annually in the world (up to 800−1000 million tons) and in Asia (600−800 million tons) [9]. Unfortunately, rice stubble (RS) remains intact in the fields [10,11] and is incinerated in situ, releasing PM 2.5 , PM 10 , volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO 2 , CH 4, and NO x , thereby causing air pollution. As a result, several health issues, such as asthma, lung capacity loss, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, emphysema, and even cancer, have been reported in humans [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Suitability of Rice Stubble Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Improving Wastewater-Polluted Soil Health and Reducing Heavy Metals in Peas

Farhad,

Noor,

Yasin

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Arable soils irrigated with wastewater (SIWs) cause ecological and human health issues due to the presence of heavy metals (HMs). Burning rice stubble (RS) poses severe environmental and human health hazards. Converting RS into rice stubble compost (RSC) and rice stubble biochar (RSB) can overcome these issues. Here, we considered the role of RS, RSC, and RSB as individual soil amendments and combined each of them with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) to observe their effectiveness for HM immobilization in SIW, their uptake in pea plants, and improvements in the physicochemical properties of soil. The results revealed that adding RSB and AMF reduced the bioavailable concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Co, and Zn in SIW by 35%, 50%, 43%, 43%, 52%, and 22%, respectively. Moreover, RSB+AMF treatment also reduced Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Co, and Zn concentrations in grain by 93%, 76%, 83%, 72%, 71%, and 57%, respectively, compared to the control. Improvements in shoot dry weight (DW) (66%), root DW (48%), and grain yield (56%) per pot were also the highest with RSB+AMF. RSB+AMF treatment enhanced soil health and other soil attributes by improving the activity of urease, catalase, peroxidase, phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and fluorescein diacetate by 78%, 156%, 62%, 123%, 235%, and 96%, respectively. Interestingly, RSB+AMF also led to the strongest AMF–plant symbiosis, as assessed by improved AMF root colonization (162%), mycorrhizal intensity (100%), mycorrhizal frequency (104%), and arbuscular abundance (143%). To conclude, converting RS into RSB can control air pollution caused by RS burning. Moreover, adding RSB with AMF to SIW can reduce HM uptake in plants, improve soil health, and thus minimize ecological and human health issues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Suitability of Rice Stubble Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Improving Wastewater-Polluted Soil Health and Reducing Heavy Metals in Peas

Farhad,

Noor,

Yasin

et al. 2024

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Biochar soil amendment, a product of anoxic thermochemical conversion of biomass through a pyrolysis process, may help mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils (Huang et al., 2023; Verheijen et al., 2010). Biochar application to field soils include improvements in pH of acidic soils, cation exchange capacity, and water holding capacity (Agegnehu et al., 2017; Alkharabsheh et al., 2021; Tokas et al., 2021; Ye et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%