Wheat or rye supplemented diets do not affect faecal mucus concentration or the adhesion of probiotic micro-organisms to faecal mucus

Ouwehand, Arthur C.; Gråsten, Soile; Niemi, Pekka; Mykkänen, Hannu; Salminen, Seppo

doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00758.x

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…cell damage. The excretion of mucin in healthy adults was previously studied by Ouwehand et al (2000), using a colorimetric assay. In this study, the excretion of mucin did not differ between adults consuming a high-fibre diet and those consuming a low-fibre diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fructo-oligosaccharides in healthy adults do not negatively affect faecal cytotoxicity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

Scholtens¹,

Alles²,

Willemsen³

et al. 2006

Br J Nutr

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Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are widely used in commercial food products. Most studies on FOS concern the health benefits, but some negative effects were recently reported concerning the faecal cytotoxicity and excretion of mucin-type oligosaccharides in combination with a Ca-restricted diet. The present study was performed to investigate whether these effects of FOS are observed in adults consuming a regular diet unrestricted in Ca. The study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, involving eleven healthy adults, who consumed 25 -30 g FOS or maltodextrin (control) in a random order for 2 weeks in addition to their regular diet. Stools were collected for analysis of pH and SCFA (as markers of fermentation), for the assessment of faecal water cytotoxicity, and for the analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity (as a marker of epithelial cell turnover) and O-linked oligosaccharides (to estimate the excretion of mucin-type oligosaccharides). FOS consumption significantly altered bacterial fermentation (increased percentage of acetate, decreased percentage of butyrate) and tended to decrease stool pH. Furthermore, FOS consumption resulted in a significantly higher stool frequency and in significantly more complaints of flatulence. No significant differences between the control and FOS period were observed in the mean cytotoxicity of faecal water (37·5 (SEM 6·9) % v. 18·5 (SEM 6·9) %; P¼ 0·084), in mean alkaline phosphatase activity (27·7 (SEM 2·9) v. 24·6 (SEM 3·2) U/g dry faeces; P¼0·496) or in the mean excretion of mucin-type oligosaccharides (49·9 (SEM 4·0) v. 53·5 (SEM 4·3) mg/g dry faeces; P¼0·553). We conclude that dietary FOS in a dose up to 25 -30 g/d altered the bacterial fermentation pattern but did not affect faecal cytotoxicity or the faecal concentration of mucin-type oligosaccharides in human adults consuming a regular diet.Fructo-oligosaccharides: Man: Cytotoxicity: Mucin: Alkaline phosphatase Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are plant fructans that naturally occur in, for example, chicory, onions, garlic, wheat and leeks. Fructans are non-digestible carbohydrates constructed of 2-60 monomer units (referred to as the degree of polymerisation). Fructans include both short-chain FOS (degree of polymerisation 2 -7) and long-chain FOS (inulin; degree of polymerisation 2-60). The estimated mean daily intake of FOS and inulin from natural sources in a European diet is between 3·2 and 11·3 g, with peak values up to 20 g (Van Loo, 1995).FOS and inulin are widely used in commercial food products, both for their technological characteristics and for their health benefits. The health benefits of FOS and inulin can be attributed to their fermentation by the intestinal microbiota. Several studies suggest that FOS and inulin are involved in the selective stimulation of the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as bifidobacteria, in the gastrointestinal tract (reviewed by Kolida et al. 2002). Some of these studies have also shown a decrease in the number of pathogenic bacteria (Kolida et al. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fructo-oligosaccharides in healthy adults do not negatively affect faecal cytotoxicity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

Scholtens¹,

Alles²,

Willemsen³

et al. 2006

Br J Nutr

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“…Following incubation (16-18 hr) with rotavirus, supernatant was collected and incubated with Alcian blue as previously described. 132 Briefly, supernatant was incubated with equal volume 1% Alcian blue, 3% glacial acetic acid for 2 h at room temperature. Mucin proteins were pelleted by centrifugation at 12,000 x g for 10 min and mucincontaining pellets were washed three times with PBS.…”

Section: Hie and Cell Line Mucus Expulsion Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus infection induces glycan availability to promote ileum-specific changes in the microbiome aiding rotavirus virulence

et al. 2020

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Multiple studies have identified changes within the gut microbiome in response to diarrheal-inducing bacterial pathogens. However, examination of the microbiome in response to viral pathogens remains understudied. Compounding this, many studies use fecal samples to assess microbiome composition; which may not accurately mirror changes within the small intestine, the primary site for most enteric virus infections. As a result, the functional significance of small intestinal microbiome shifts during infection is not well defined. To address these gaps, rotavirus-infected neonatal mice were examined for changes in bacterial community dynamics, host gene expression, and tissue recovery during infection. Profiling bacterial communities using 16S rRNA sequencing suggested significant and distinct changes in ileal communities in response to rotavirus infection, with no significant changes for other gastrointestinal (GI) compartments. At 1-d post-infection, we observed a loss in Lactobacillus species from the ileum, but an increase in Bacteroides and Akkermansia, both of which exhibit mucin-digesting capabilities. Concomitant with the bacterial community shifts, we observed a loss of mucin-filled goblet cells in the small intestine at d 1, with recovery occurring by d 3. Rotavirus infection of mucin-producing cell lines and human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) stimulated release of stored mucin granules, similar to in vivo findings. In vitro, incubation of mucins with Bacteroides or Akkermansia members resulted in significant glycan degradation, which altered the binding capacity of rotavirus in silico and in vitro. Taken together, these data suggest that the response to and recovery from rotavirus-diarrhea is unique between subcompartments of the GI tract and may be influenced by mucin-degrading microbes.

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“…The superior ability of bacterial pathogens to attach has been related to virulence (Wilson & Horne, 1986;Bruno, 1988) and is considered the first step of bacterial infection (Bengmark, 1998). Research has been conducted on the ability of probiotics to attach to the intestinal mucus of humans (Beachey, 1981;Kirjavainen et al, 1998;Ouwehand et al, 1999cOuwehand et al, , 2000aOuwehand et al, , b, 2001Juntunen et al, 2001) and fish (Krovacek et al, 1987;Olsson et al, 1992;Vazquez et al, 1997;Andlid et al, 1998;Rinkinen et al, 2003;Vine et al, 2004b). Although probiotics may have beneficial effects on host species from which they have not been isolated, attachment ability is not necessarily host/ probiont-species-specific but rather dependent on the bacterial strain (Rinkinen et al, 2003).…”

Section: Attachment To Mucusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics in marine larviculture

2006

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Owing to the problem of antibiotic resistance and subsequent reluctance of using antibiotics, the use of probiotics in larviculture is becoming increasingly popular. During the early stages of development, manipulation of the larval digestive system seems possible through the addition of probiotics either through the culture water or via the livefood. Well-studied probiotics used in human medicine and terrestrial agriculture have proved to be successful in aquaculture and therefore reduce the need for extensive biosafety trials. The selection of probiotics requires various in vitro screening experiments, which assay for the production of antagonist compounds, their growth in and attachment to fish intestinal mucus, and the production of other beneficial compounds such as vitamins, fatty acids and digestive enzymes. Further information regarding probiont suitability can be obtained from its identification, interaction with livefood and host pathogenicity. Finally, pilot-scale in vivo tests need be performed, after which a production cost-benefit analysis to determine its economic viability needs to be undertaken.

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Wheat or rye supplemented diets do not affect faecal mucus concentration or the adhesion of probiotic micro-organisms to faecal mucus

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Dietary fructo-oligosaccharides in healthy adults do not negatively affect faecal cytotoxicity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

Dietary fructo-oligosaccharides in healthy adults do not negatively affect faecal cytotoxicity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

Rotavirus infection induces glycan availability to promote ileum-specific changes in the microbiome aiding rotavirus virulence

Probiotics in marine larviculture

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