Wheat flag leaf epicuticular wax morphology and composition in  response to moderate drought stress are revealed by SEM, FTIR‐ATR and synchrotron X‐ray spectroscopy

Willick, Ian R.; Lahlali, Rachid; Vijayan, Perumal; Muir, David; Karunakaran, Chithra; Tanino, Karen

doi:10.1111/ppl.12637

Cited by 57 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This information could be incorporated in crop improvement programs (via marker assisted selection for wax genes). Since there are promising options emerging to analyze the cuticular wax trait using modern synchrotron technology [174] as well as now widely recognized techniques to observe ice propagation in real time across the cuticle [175] crop breeders have the potential to improve their efficiency of selection based on these traits. Recent progress in genomics can substantially help major field and horticulture crops to buffer the impacts of climate change.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Cuticular Wax, a Trait for Multiple Stress Resistance in Crop Plants

Dhanyalakshmi¹,

Soolanayakanahally²,

Rahman³

et al. 2019

Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants

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Cuticular waxes form the primary interface between a plant and its external environment. The most important function of this hydrophobic interface is regulation of non-stomatal water loss, gas exchange and conferring resistance to a wide range of biotic as well as abiotic stresses. The biosynthesis, transport and deposition of the cuticular waxes are tightly coordinated by complex molecular networks, which are also often regulated in response to various developmental, biotic as well as abiotic cues. Evidences from model as well as non-model systems suggest that targeted manipulation of the molecular regulators of wax biosynthetic pathways could enhance plant resistance to multiple stresses as well as enhance the post-harvest quality of produce. Under the current scenario of varying climatic conditions, where plants often encounter multiple stress conditions, cuticular waxes is an appropriate trait to be considered for crop improvement programs, as any attempt to improve cuticular traits would be advantageous to the crop to enhance its adaptability to diverse adverse conditions. This chapter briefs on the significance of cuticular waxes in plants, its biosynthesis, transport and deposition, its implication on plant resistance to adverse conditions, and the current options in targeted manipulation of wax-traits for breeding new crop types.Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants 2 vegetative and reproductive growth. Some of the abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature and salinity can influence the occurrence and spread of biotic agents like pathogens, insects, and weeds [1]. In crops like tomato, cucurbits and rice, temperature is one of the most important deciding factors for the occurrence of bacterial diseases [2]. Temperature can also alter the incidence of vector-borne diseases by modifying spread of vectors.But, in their natural environment, plants face combination of stresses, especially under the changing climate scenario. The effect of stresses would be more pronounced under combined (biotic and abiotic) stresses [3], while simultaneous occurrence of abiotic and biotic stresses are more destructive to crop production [4]. Hence, there exists a need now, to look for common traits that can contribute for plant adaptation to such multifarious stressful conditions and sustain crop productivity as well. In this scenario, it is desirable to have a single trait that can confer tolerance to multiple (abiotic and biotic) stresses. Cuticular waxes, a major component of plant cuticle covering all the aerial parts of the plants, can be considered as an important trait for combined stress resistance. Cuticular waxes: a component of plant cuticleThe cuticle is a unique structure developed by land plants during the course of their evolution from an aquatic to a terrestrial lifestyle [5]. The primary role of this lipophilic layer, comprising cutin and cuticular waxes, was to limit non-stomatal water loss by functioning as a physical barrier between the plant surface and its external environment [6]. Development of a...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Cuticular Wax, a Trait for Multiple Stress Resistance in Crop Plants

Dhanyalakshmi¹,

Soolanayakanahally²,

Rahman³

et al. 2019

Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants

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show abstract

“…These two species were chosen as they are representative of monocotyledon and dicotyledon plants and differ substantially in their leaf surface characteristics. Willick et al (2018) analysed the cuticle of wheat directly using attenuated total reflection FTIR; however, they only reported on the composition of epicuticular wax and not on the presence of polysaccharides in the cuticle. Wang et al (2019aWang et al ( , 2019b compared the cuticular wax structures of different organs in two wheat varieties using SEM and gas chromatography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimising the foliar uptake of zinc oxide nanoparticles: Do leaf surface properties and particle coating affect absorption?

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Doolette

Cui

et al. 2020

Physiologia Plantarum

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Foliar absorption of zinc (Zn) is limited by several barriers, the first of which is the leaf cuticle. In this study, we investigated the absorption of Zn from Zn oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Gladius) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus cv Hyoleic 41) to determine the importance of NP surface coating for Zn absorption. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed a higher polysaccharide content in the wheat cuticle than sunflower, indicated by a more pronounced glycosidic bond at 1020 cm −1 , but wax and cutin content were similar. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that trichome density was twice as high in wheat (3600 AE 900 cm −2) as in sunflower (1600 cm −2) and stomatal density four times higher in sunflower (6400 AE 800 cm −2 in wheat and 22 900 cm −2 in sunflower). Suspensions of ZnO-NPs with coatings of different hydrophobicity were applied to leaves to compare Zn absorption using X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Absorption of Zn was similar between wheat and sunflower when Zn was applied at 1000 mg Zn l −1 , but much less Zn was absorbed from all ZnO products than from soluble Zn fertiliser. Particle coating did not affect Zn absorption, but it may facilitate particle adhesion to leaves, providing a longer-term source of resupply of Zn ions to the leaves. Differences in leaf surface characteristics did not affect Zn absorption, indicating that the cuticle is the main pathway of absorption under these conditions.

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“…The synchrotron is a powerful facility that accelerates charged particles such as electrons in a large ring-like trajectory at relativistic (near-light) speed [73], where the energy of the electron generates light ranging from infrared to soft and hard X-rays at high intensities [74]. In recent years, synchrotron techniques have been employed to study a number of biotic and abiotic stresses, such as the identification of heat-tolerant field pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes [75,76], drought tolerance traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) [77], and Fusarium head blight tolerance in wheat [78,79]. Synchrotron beamlines were also applied to study the accumulation and distribution of organic compounds and salt ions in leaf, stem, and root tissues of alfalfa cultivars with different salt tolerances [80].…”

Section: Effect Of Salt Stress On Ion Uptake In Alfalfa Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, Physiological, and Genetic Responses to Salt Stress in Alfalfa: A Review

Bhattarai

Biswas

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important legume forage crop. However, its genetic improvement for salt tolerance is challenging, as alfalfa’s response to salt stress is genetically and physiologically complex. A review was made to update the knowledge of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of alfalfa plants to salt stress, and to discuss the potential of applying modern plant technologies to enhance alfalfa salt-resistant breeding, including genomic selection, RNA-Seq analysis, and cutting-edge Synchrotron beamlines. It is clear that alfalfa salt tolerance can be better characterized, genes conditioning salt tolerance be identified, and new marker-based tools be developed to accelerate alfalfa breeding for salt tolerance.

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Wheat flag leaf epicuticular wax morphology and composition in response to moderate drought stress are revealed by SEM, FTIR‐ATR and synchrotron X‐ray spectroscopy

Cited by 57 publications

References 72 publications

Leaf Cuticular Wax, a Trait for Multiple Stress Resistance in Crop Plants

Leaf Cuticular Wax, a Trait for Multiple Stress Resistance in Crop Plants

Optimising the foliar uptake of zinc oxide nanoparticles: Do leaf surface properties and particle coating affect absorption?

Morphological, Physiological, and Genetic Responses to Salt Stress in Alfalfa: A Review

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