Wheat Breeding for Durable Rust Resistance and High Yield Potential in Historical Prospective and Current Status

Abstract

Epidemics of leaf, stripe and stem rusts on wheat have induced significant losses in the past during the early nineteenth century and have destroying role in reducing product yield bringing about socioeconomic variability worldwide. The old tall varieties with qualitative resistance couldn't continue for longer period because of the advancement of new virulent pathogen races. But varieties like Yaqui-50, Lyalpur-73, and Lerma Rojo-64 were released during early period of green revolution, still linked with durable resistance to stripe, leaf and stem rust. Advancement of new rust races like virulence's Yr27 and Yr9 followed by the appearance of Ug99 and its mutants lead the breeders to review their breeding plan. Breeders are presently relying upon to gather minor genes and their use in grouping with major genes to develop rust resistance in wheat varieties. The minor genes, Lr46/Yr29, Lr34/Yr18, Sr2/Yr30, are being broken in wheat breeding at CIMMYT and different region. The germplasm with this kind of resistance have shown existence stability over space and time. At Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad the home of green revolution in Pakistan, this approach has been established since1994-95. The durable resistance assortments were crossed in a top cross/back cross technique and the segregating populations were improved by adopting mass strategy, which brought about the advancement of material having preferred yield and rust resistance over the pre-exiting assortments (e.g., Inqlab-91, MH-97). Five varieties, Shafaq-06, Lasani-08, AARI-11, Millat-11 and Galaxy-13 from these crosses have been approved for general cultivation. Essentially, the material developed and circulated by CIMMYT, Mexico having this sort of resistance is being worldwide adopted. The simple sequence repeat markers (SSR) for above mentioned durable genes are accessible and can be used in early selection of superior varieties.

Superior genotypic selection, epidemiological variables and fungicides application analysis associated with wheat leaf rust development and grain yield

“…The successful occurrence of fungal infection is based on the presence of susceptible genotypes and favourable environmental conditions. The most effective and appropriate method for reducing crop losses caused by leaf rust is genotypic resistance [ 37 ].Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the resistance of various cultivars against leaf rust, to identify the most effective varieties in Pakistan. Screening of wheat varieties in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 showed different results against leaf rust severity.…”

Foliar fungicide application as management strategie to minimize the growing threat of yellow rust on wheat in Portugal

“…In wheat this kind of resistance arise only at adult plant development, where it lends to become more and more effective as the host plant mature (Sorensen et al, 2014). Often varieties may show vulnerability at seedling stage but adult plant stage show low disease incidence (Hussain et al, 2017).…”

Status of Wheat Germplasm Resistance Against Virulent Races of Leaf and Stripe Rust in Faisalabad, Pakistan

“…Yellow rust has wiped out nearly all commercial wheat cultivars during crop seasons 2013-2014 (Hussain et al, 2017). Controlling rust epidemics in the region is challenging (Ali et al, 2022b).…”