Wheat Blast: A Disease Spreading by Intercontinental Jumps and Its Management Strategies

Singh, Pawan Kumar; Gahtyari, Navin Chander; Roy, Chandan; Roy, Krishna Kanta; He, Xinyao; Tembo, Batiseba; Xu, Kang‐Ping; Juliana, Philomin; Sonder, Kai; Kabir, Muhammad Rezaul; Chawade, Aakash

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.710707

Cited by 72 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Severe blast epidemics in South American countries coincided with El Niño phenomena's years, which increased both rain and temperature. Similar situation could occur in Asian (Kohli et al 2011;Islam et al 2019, Singh et al 2021. Greater amounts of conidia production, over half a million per gram of basal leaves, was reported in early infection on wheat leaves at artificial conditions, with the highest amounts observed during the heading stage, suggesting a contribution of inoculum from basal leaves to head infections (Cruz et al 2015a).…”

Section: Disease Cycle and Epidemiologysupporting

confidence: 54%

“…International concern was significantly raised during the last five years after the arrival of the wheat blast in South Asian countries, such as Bangladesh (Islam et al 2016;Callaway 2016). Even being one of Bangladesh's neighbor countries and having conductive weather conditions to wheat blast occurrence, no formal scientific reports confirmed the wheat blast introduction in India (Islam et al 2020, Singh et al 2021. More recently, the wheat blast pathogen arrived in Africa: Zambia (Tembo 2019;Tembo et al 2020) (Figure 1).…”

Section: Geographical Distribution Of Wheat Blastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is evident based on the increase in the yearly number of original articles and reviews published after the major epidemics reported in the Cerrado, Brazil, and disease's introduction into both Asia and Africa (Figure 2A). (Rajiv 2017;Sadat and Choi 2017;Cruz and Valent 2017;Mottaleb et al 2018Mottaleb et al , 2019Ceresini et al 2018Ceresini et al , 2019Islam et al , 2020Kamoun et al 2019;Tembo 2019;Yesmin et al 2020;Mbinda and Masaki 2021, Singh et al 2021, Tosa 2021. While some aspects have been given more attention, such as the taxonomy and population genetics (Couch and Kohn 2002;Tanaka et al 2009;Luo and Zhang 2013;Maciel et al 2014;Murata et al 2014;Klaubauf et al 2014;Gladieux et al 2015Gladieux et al , 2018Castroagudín et al 2016;Valent et al 2019), chemical control (Kim et al 2003;Cruz et al 2011Cruz et al , 2019Pagani et al 2014;Rocha et al 2014;Castroagudín et al 2015;Oliveira et al 2015;Dorigan et al 2019;D'Ávila et al 2021;Ascari et al 2021) and host genetic resistance (Cruz et al 2016b;Anh et al 2018;Rocha et al 2019;…”

Section: Economical and Scientific Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several other grass weeds might play an important role on wheat blast epidemiology, whenever hosting the wheat blast pathogen, such as Panicum maximum, P. miliaceum, E. coranana, Avena sativa, Lolium perenne, Stenotaphrum secundatum, Rhynchelytrum roseum (Urashima et al 1993(Urashima et al , 2017Oh et al 2002;Tosa et al 2004Tosa et al , 2006Couch et al 2005;Hirata et al 2007;Tosa and Chuma 2014;Farman et al 2017;Cruz and Valent 2017;Pak et al 2021, Singh et al 2021. A greater importance has been given to U. brizantha, which covers around 90 million hectares in Brazil, including surrounding and farway areas from wheat fields.…”

Section: Disease Cycle and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another cultural practice is to avoid crop rotation with barley, oats, and rye, or, if feasible, the elimination of signal grass, goosegrass, and ryegrass via chemical control (Ceresini et al 2019, Singh et al 2021. As the blast pathogen can be seed-transmitted, using certified seeds is an important measure to avoid pathogen introduction into disease-free areas (Gomes et al 2018;Martinez et al 2021).…”

Section: Wheat Blast Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxonomic and pathogenic diversity of the blast pathogen populations infecting wheat and grasses in Minas Gerais

Ascari¹,

Ponte²

2021

Preprint

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The blast disease of Poaceae is caused by a large species complex, among which P. oryzae is composed of several host-specialized lineages. The Pyricularia oryzae Triticum pathotype (PoT) causes the blast disease in wheat, but is also capable of infecting other grasses, which may serve as an inoculum reservoir for epidemics in wheat. In Brazil, severe wheat blast epidemics are most common in the Cerrado region. The dominant hypothesis is that signal grass (Urochloa sp.) and other gramineous plants harbor the wheat blast pathogen, thus serving as a major reservoir of inoculum for epidemics in wheat. A two-year survey of the Pyricularia blast pathogens was conducted in both wheat and non-wheat areas as well as prior (February) and during (May) the wheat growing season in Minas Gerais. A total of 1,368 plant samples representative of 31 Poaceae species, including wheat, were collected and inspected for the presence of blast symptoms. During the isolations, 932 isolates were obtained, being one fourth obtained from gramineous plants. A subset of 572 isolates was selected for identification at the species level based on portions of the CH7-BAC9 gene sequences. Most of the isolates (n = 494) were P. oryzae, within which 68% were PoT and 32% non-PoT based on two PCR assays targeting (MoT3 and C17 PCR assays). The PoT lineage was found predominantly (97%) in wheat and rarely in the other hosts, even nearby wheat fields (2.1%), as well as at longer distances from wheat regions (0.1%). The blast pathogen population isolated from signal grass grouped in different clades from PoT, and therefore referred to Urochloa lineage (PoU). A series of cross-inoculation greenhouse experiments was conducted using wheat (cv. BRS Guamirim and BR 18-Terena) and signal grass (cv. Marandu) as host and 14 PoT and six PoU isolates as pathogen factor. In the first leaf-inoculation experiment, results showed a significant interaction between host and pathogen; PoT was strongly/weakly aggressive towards wheat/signal grass and PoU was strongly/weakly aggressive towards signal grass/wheat. In inoculated wheat heads, PoT was more aggressive (>91% infected spikelets) than PoU (52% infected spikelets). In a third experiment, four signal grass cultivars (Marandu, Basilisk, Piatã, and Xaraés) were inoculated with the same set of 20 isolates. Similarly, signal grass cultivars were generally more susceptible to PoU than PoT. Severity induced by PoU was twice (7.7% severity) as high as PoT (3.8%) and so was the number of conidia/leaf produced by PoU (47,500) and PoT (23,200). Two groups of signal grass cultivars were formed, the most susceptible composed of Marandu and Basilisk and the least susceptible composed of Piatã and Xaraés. Results of our study confirm the host-specialization and the shaping of the blast populations according to the host. We further suggest that grasses in general, especially signal grass, may not play a major role as an inoculum reservoir for PoT, as it harbors mainly the PoU population. However, due to the large extent of pasture-growing regions and cross-infection ability in wheat, signal grass may harbor amounts of PoT inoculum that are sufficient for initiating leaf and head blast epidemics in wheat blast in Minas Gerais state.

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Section: Disease Cycle and Epidemiologysupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Geographical Distribution Of Wheat Blastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economical and Scientific Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disease Cycle and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wheat Blast Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxonomic and pathogenic diversity of the blast pathogen populations infecting wheat and grasses in Minas Gerais

Ascari¹,

Ponte²

2021

Preprint

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Transcriptional Switching of Host Defence Response to Combat Hemibiotrophic Fungal Infection

Abdullah

Bahari

Sakeh

2022

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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Hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens cause major destruction to food and industrial crops globally. Their dual infection phases appear to be a winning strategy. The pathogen establishes an initial colonisation biotrophically keeping the host cells alive. It then shifts to the notorious necrotrophic mode of infection, killing the host cells resulting in biochemical and physiological impairment destructive to the whole plant. A better understanding of the molecular interaction at the early stage of infection is critical to save the infected crops. In this article, we integrate findings from different plant–pathogen pathosystems to provide a comprehensive evaluation about the defence response network, covering crops that are infected through the aerial and root tissues. The high‐throughput transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches as well as relevant biochemical and physiological analyses have revealed key genes and cellular components associated with signalling pathways and defence responses during the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases. Factors influencing the biotrophy to necrotrophy transition are discussed. Transcriptional reprogramming involving key regulatory proteins acting as master or key transcription factors to provide an effective two‐stage defence network in host plants is also elaborated.

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Plant-Microbe Interaction to Improve Soil Health

Dhiman,

Uthoff,

Scharf

et al. 2024

Microorganisms for Sustainability

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Wheat Blast: A Disease Spreading by Intercontinental Jumps and Its Management Strategies

Cited by 72 publications

References 128 publications

Taxonomic and pathogenic diversity of the blast pathogen populations infecting wheat and grasses in Minas Gerais

Taxonomic and pathogenic diversity of the blast pathogen populations infecting wheat and grasses in Minas Gerais

Transcriptional Switching of Host Defence Response to Combat Hemibiotrophic Fungal Infection

Plant-Microbe Interaction to Improve Soil Health

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