“…[276][277][278][279][280] It has rapidly evolved from being a concept in science ction to an integral part of everyday life. It plays a fundamental role in various sectors, including selfdriving cars, 281 the energy sector, 282 chemical science, 283 web chats, 284 spam lters, 285 material science, 286 and face recognition. 287 ML is executed through articial neural networks (ANNs) comprising interconnected computing elements known as arti-cial neurons.…”