What will happen to my smolt at harvest? Individually tagged Atlantic salmon help to understand possible progression and regression of vertebral deformities

Drábiková, Lucia; Fjelldal, Per Gunnar; Clercq, Adelbert De; Yousaf, Muhammad Naveed; Morken, Thea; McGurk, Charles; Witten, P. Eckhard

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738430

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Whole-mount Alizarin Red S staining for mineralized bone was performed on the caudal vertebral region ( Figure 2 A) in three samples/tank (six samples/group) ( Figure 1 ) according to [ 38 ]. Vertebral bodies were analyzed for structure and, based on the extent of mineralization, vertebral bodies were characterized as low-mineralized or mineralized.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32–35 and 36–39 were dissected for serial sectioning of previously non-demineralized or demineralized samples (two samples/group) ( Figure 1 ). For embedding in glycol metacrylate (GMA), samples were treated as described in [ 38 ]. Sections were stained with toluidine blue, a metachromatic stain which visualizes skeletal and cartilaginous tissues, cellular structures, and collagen fibers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial diets commonly contain surplus of dietary P with the aim of enhancing bone mineralization, a preventive measure against the development of vertebral deformities [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. However, dietary P that exceeds the nutritional requirements neither improves bone health nor does it enhance the bone formation or bone mineralization in Atlantic salmon [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. In addition, excess dietary P leads to vertebral fusions in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) [ 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parr and the early-seawater stages of Atlantic salmon thus develop bone void of minerals at the edges of vertebral bodies and bone trabeculae (osteomalacia) which leads to reduced vertebral centra stiffness [ 39 , 40 , 43 ]. Recovery from low-P diet-associated osteomalacia is possible with a diet containing the required level of P [ 38 , 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated Water CO2 Can Prevent Dietary-Induced Osteomalacia in Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar, L.)

et al. 2023

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Expansion of land-based systems in fish farms elevate the content of metabolic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the water. High CO2 is suggested to increase the bone mineral content in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.). Conversely, low dietary phosphorus (P) halts bone mineralization. This study examines if high CO2 can counteract reduced bone mineralization imposed by low dietary P intake. Atlantic salmon post-seawater transfer (initial weight 207.03 g) were fed diets containing 6.3 g/kg (0.5P), 9.0 g/kg (1P), or 26.8 g/kg (3P) total P for 13 weeks. Atlantic salmon from all dietary P groups were reared in seawater which was not injected with CO2 and contained a regular CO2 level (5 mg/L) or in seawater with injected CO2 thus raising the level to 20 mg/L. Atlantic salmon were analyzed for blood chemistry, bone mineral content, vertebral centra deformities, mechanical properties, bone matrix alterations, expression of bone mineralization, and P metabolism-related genes. High CO2 and high P reduced Atlantic salmon growth and feed intake. High CO2 increased bone mineralization when dietary P was low. Atlantic salmon fed with a low P diet downregulated the fgf23 expression in bone cells indicating an increased renal phosphate reabsorption. The current results suggest that reduced dietary P could be sufficient to maintain bone mineralization under conditions of elevated CO2. This opens up a possibility for lowering the dietary P content under certain farming conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated Water CO2 Can Prevent Dietary-Induced Osteomalacia in Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar, L.)

et al. 2023

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“…The recovery of gill cover abnormalities, through regeneration or repair, is reported to be dependent on their intensity 7 , 8 . In Atlantic salmon, not only are fused vertebral centra able to remodel in one normal-shaped body 9 but also hyper-dense and compressed vertebrae can recover 10 . Remarkably, around 44–74% and 60% of lordotic seabream and seabass juveniles respectively, achieved a partial to complete reshaping of the abnormal lordotic vertebral elements during the on-growing period 11 , 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) are able to recover from lordosis

Printzi

Mazurais

Witten

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Haemal lordosis, a frequent skeletal deformity in teleost fish, has long been correlated with increased mechanical loads induced by swimming activity. In the present study, we examine whether juvenile zebrafish can recover from haemal lordosis and explore the musculoskeletal mechanisms involved. Juveniles were subjected to a swimming challenge test (SCT) that induced severe haemal lordosis in 49% of the animals and then immediately transferred them to 0.0 total body lengths (TL) per second of water velocity for a week. The recovery from lordosis was examined by means of whole mount staining, histology and gene expression analysis. Results demonstrate that 80% of the lordotic zebrafish are capable of internal and external recovery within a week after the SCT. Recovered individuals presented normal shape of the vertebral centra, maintaining though distorted internal tissue organization. Through the transcriptomic analysis of the affected haemal regions, several processes related to chromosome organization, DNA replication, circadian clock and transcription regulation were enriched within genes significantly regulated behind this musculoskeletal recovery procedure. Genes especially involved in adipogenesis, bone remodeling and muscular regeneration were regulated. A remodeling tissue-repair hypothesis behind haemal lordosis recovery is raised. Limitations and future possibilities for zebrafish as a model organism to clarify mechanically driven musculoskeletal changes are discussed.

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Long term effects of smolt production strategy and early seawater phase rearing environment on mortality, growth, sexual maturation, and vertebra deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

et al. 2023

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What will happen to my smolt at harvest? Individually tagged Atlantic salmon help to understand possible progression and regression of vertebral deformities

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

Elevated Water CO2 Can Prevent Dietary-Induced Osteomalacia in Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar, L.)

Elevated Water CO2 Can Prevent Dietary-Induced Osteomalacia in Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar, L.)

Juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) are able to recover from lordosis

Long term effects of smolt production strategy and early seawater phase rearing environment on mortality, growth, sexual maturation, and vertebra deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

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