What the fox? Cryptic Eucoleus [Capillaria] sp. in the respiratory tract of a cat from Australia

Calvani, Nichola Eliza Davies; Wright, Megan E.; White, Joanna; Stepkovitch, Ben; Francis, Emily Kate; Rivory, Phoebe; Wong, Bianca; Wilson, Thea M.; Walker, M. W.; Martín, Patricia A.; Dickman, Christopher R.; Šlapeta, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100028

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…For instance, Anisakis simplex , A nisakis pegreffi and A nisakis berlandi , were resolved as new species based on allozyme electrophoresis and ITS, 12S and cox 1 sequence analyses, after being considered cryptic ( Nascetti et al., 1986 ; Mattiucci et al., 2014 ). Another example is the report of a cryptic species within Eucoleus , based on a female adult collected from the bronchoalveolar lavage of a 12-week-old kitten ( Calvani et al., 2021 ). Herein, researchers found up to 15–19% divergence in the cox 1 sequence of this Eucoleus sp.…”

Section: Cryptic Diversity In Helminth Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…isolate when compared to other available Eucoleus sequences; and a 14–23% divergence in mitochondrial protein coding gene sequences between the kitten isolate and E. aerophilus . However, differences in egg morphology found between the kitten isolate and E. aerophilus imply that the species is not strictly cryptic, even if adult morphology was not examined ( Calvani et al., 2021 ). Moreover, the tapeworm of brown bears ( Ursus arctos ), Taenia arctos, was described as a nominal species with its own diagnosis after being originally reported as cryptic ( Lavikainen et al., 2010 ; Haukisalmi et al., 2011 ).…”

Section: Cryptic Diversity In Helminth Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What lies behind the curtain: Cryptic diversity in helminth parasites of human and veterinary importance

Cháves-González

Morales-Calvo

Mora

et al. 2022

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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Section: Cryptic Diversity In Helminth Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cryptic Diversity In Helminth Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What lies behind the curtain: Cryptic diversity in helminth parasites of human and veterinary importance

Cháves-González

Morales-Calvo

Mora

et al. 2022

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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“…Trichinella , Trichuris and Capillaria sensu lato belong to the superfamily, Trichinelloidea Ward, 1907, and their stichosome esophagus has a unique structure [ 8 ] that resembles a capillary tube equating to a stack of gland cells, known as stichocytes, which are arranged similarly to a stack of donuts. Based on complete mtDNA coding genes, the order Trichocephalida Spasski, 1954 is segregated into three well-defined clades, representing the families Trichinellidae Ward, 1907, Trichuridae Ransom, 1911 and Capillariidae Railliet, 1915, which include Trichinella , Trichuris and Capillaria , respectively [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human parasitic infections of the class Adenophorea: global epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention and control

Intirach,

Shu,

et al. 2024

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background Human parasitic infections caused by Adenophorean nematodes encompass a range of diseases, including dioctophymiasis, trichuriasis, capillariasis, trichinellosis, and myositis. These infection can result in adverse impacts on human health and cause societal and economic concerns in tropical and subtropical regions. Methods This review conducted searches in PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar for relevant studies that published in established databases up to April 26, 2024. Studies that focused on the common morphology, life cycle, disease distribution, clinical manifestations, and prevention and control strategies for Adenophorean parasitic diseases in humans were included. Results Adenophorean nematodes exhibit shared morphological characteristics with a four-layered cuticle; uninucleate epidermal cells; pseudocoelom with six or more coelomocytes; generally three caudal glands; five esophageal glands; two testes in males with median-ventral supplementary glands in a single row; tail in males rarely possessing caudal alae; amphids always postlabial; presence of cephalic sensory organs; absence of phasmids; and a secretory-excretory system consisting of a single ventral gland cell, usually with a non-cuticularized terminal duct. Humans play two important roles in the life cycle of the nematode class, Adenophorea: 1) as a definitive host infected by ingesting undercooked paratenic hosts, embryonated eggs, infective larvae in fish tissue and meat contaminated with encysted or non-encysted larvae, and 2) as an accidental host infected by ingesting parasitic eggs in undercooked meat. Many organs are targeted by the Adenophorean nematode in humans such as the intestines, lungs, liver, kidneys, lymphatic circulation and blood vessels, resulting in gastrointestinal problems, excessive immunological responses, cell disruption, and even death. Most of these infections have significant incidence rates in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America; however, some parasitic diseases have restricted dissemination in outbreaks. To prevent these diseases, interventions together with education, sanitation, hygiene and animal control measures have been introduced in order to reduce and control parasite populations. Conclusions The common morphology, life cycle, global epidemiology and pathology of human Adenophorean nematode-borne parasitic diseases were highlighted, as well as their prevention and control. The findings of this review will contribute to improvement of monitoring and predicting human-parasitic infections, understanding the relationship between animals, humans and parasites, and preventing and controlling parasitic diseases. Graphical Abstract

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Occurrence of Eucoleus aerophilus in wild and domestic animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Samorek-Pieróg,

Cencek,

Łabuć

et al. 2023

Parasites Vectors

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Background Eucoleus aerophilus (syn. Capillaria aerophila) is a nematode with a worldwide geographical distribution. It causes a disease called lung capillariosis by affecting the respiratory tract of wild and domestic animals, and has also occasionally been described in humans. Despite steady increases in knowledge of the morphology of this neglected parasite, many aspects are still poorly understood. Epidemiological data regarding, for example, geographic distribution, range of hosts, clinical relevance and the actual zoonotic potential of this nematode are scarce and incomplete. Methods This article is a systematic review based on the screening of three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct) to identify eligible studies published from 1973 to the end of 2022. Results From a total of 606 studies describing the occurrence of E. aerophilus, 141 articles from 38 countries worldwide were included in this meta-analysis, all of which presented results obtained mainly with flotation and necropsy. Due to the occurrence of E. aerophilus in many different species and different matrices (lungs and faeces), we decided to conduct the meta-analysis separately for each species with a given matrix. This systematic review confirmed the status of the Red fox as the main reservoir and main transmitter of E. aerophilus (average prevalence of 43% in faeces and 49% in lungs) and provided evidence of a higher prevalence of E. aerophilus in wild animals in comparison to domestic animals, such as dogs (3% in faeces) and cats (2% in faeces and 8% in lungs). Previous studies have investigated many host-related factors (age, sex, environmental/living conditions) in relation to the prevalence of E. aerophilus, but they show wide variations and no simple relationship has been demonstrates. Furthermore, mixed infections with other pulmonary nematodes, such as Crenosoma vulpis and/or Angiostrongylus vasorum, are reported very frequently, which greatly complicates the diagnosis. Conclusions This systematic review focused on identifying data gaps and promoting future research directions in this area. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that evaluates and summarizes existing knowledge on the occurrence and prevalence of E. aerophilus in wild and domestic animals originating from different geographical locations worldwide. Graphical Abstract

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What the fox? Cryptic Eucoleus [Capillaria] sp. in the respiratory tract of a cat from Australia

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

What lies behind the curtain: Cryptic diversity in helminth parasites of human and veterinary importance

What lies behind the curtain: Cryptic diversity in helminth parasites of human and veterinary importance

Human parasitic infections of the class Adenophorea: global epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention and control

Occurrence of Eucoleus aerophilus in wild and domestic animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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