What substance normally controls a given biological process?

Jacobs, William P.; Danielson, John R.; Hurst, Victor; Adams, Paul A.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(59)90017-x

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Compensatory growth effects would obviously result from the leaf excisions during the 30-day course of the experiments [judging by some of his own data, as well as the unci ted literature on compensatory growth, e.g. (6,37,39,41)]. There were other confounding factors such as variable age of plants, plastochronic effects, and differing total numbers of flowers.…”

Section: Flowers and Fruitsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[Auxin has been shown to be the internal factor which normally limits the amount of xylem regenerating in internode 2 of this clone of Coleus (30,31,33,38).] One per cent IAA was also found to replace the tip of the shoot in causing xylem cells to regenerate [ Table 3 in Jacobs et al (41)J. Obviously, it would be more convincing to find the smallest IAA concentration that would replace the tip with regard both to supply of diffusible auxin and to effect on xylem regeneration.…”

Section: Jacobsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, the valid point of dispute is not how much IAA was placed on the outside of the plant, but rather how much auxin actually entered the plant. Experiments set ·up as in Figure 10 show that the tip of the shoot produces sizeable amounts of diffusible auxin and that 1 per cent IAA in lanolin pro vides the same amount of hormonal auxin through node 2 as does the tip of the shoot (Jacobs et al (41)]. To measure the auxin activity shown in Figure 10, the Avena curvature bioassay was used.…”

Section: Jacobsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The next sizeable change in the interpretation of abscission in Coleus came from the research of Jacobs & co-workers (32,34,40,41,79,99 ) . Their specific intent was to find quantitative evidence as to what the normal, inter nal limiting factor is for leaf-longevity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Evidence that 1 per cent IAA in lanolin provides the same amount of hormonal auxin through node 2 as does the tip of the main shoot in Coleus. Average Avena curves are given for the 3 matched pairs of Coleus plants used(41).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longevity of Plant Organs: Internal Factors Controlling Abscission

Jacobs¹

1962

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

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The research of many men during the last twenty years has gone toward elucidating the internal factors which control the longevity of two importan t types of plant organs-leaves and fruits. This work, which one would expect to have general interest for developmental biologists, has not been as familiar to them as it might be because most of the papers which could be considered to treat longevity have emphasized the "abscission" side of the research. The emphasis on abscission is quite understandable: there are important economic aspects of leaf abscission and of fruit abscission (e.g., inducing leaf abscission in cotton plants for the mechanical picker, and preventing fruit abscission in some of the tree crops like apples and figs) . Consequently, many of the papers have been published in agricultural research journals , where the practical aspects of the research were emphasized.This review will consider the gradual development of our current under standing as to the internal factors in the plant which control the longevity of leaves and fruits. The extensive literature on external agents which will a rtific ally induce abscission will not be discussed, since it has recently been authoritatively reviewed by Addicott & Lynch (2), and since it is not par ticularly informative concerning the internal controlling factors, despite its value in field practice. Special emphasis will be placed on relating a given piece of research to previous research, both because of general scientific obligation, and because abscission researchers have been unusually lax in doing so. In particular, the early German authors (44,45,46,67) have, in the reviewer's opinion, not been given adequate credit by English-speaking authors. [No "holier-than-thou" attitude is suggested: the author has erroneously attributed to Myers credit that should have gone to Laibach and Mai (99), and undoubtedly will have overlooked some proper references in this review. But the aim and the obligation is to be as fair as human failings allow.]Among the papers published since the last review that are not herein considered in detail are those of Hall et at. (26,27,51,52, 53) and Haccius & Nies (23,24,25). Also omitted is consideration of the effects of position with respect to gravity, fully treated by Terpstra (86) and Vendrig (93, 94) . Of papers published before the last review, DostaJ's 1951 paper on correlative effects on leaf abscission in woody plants should be noted (14) . There are no 1 The survey of literature pertaining to this review was concluded in July 1961. 2 The following abbreviations are used: IAA (indole-3-acetic acid); NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid).

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Section: Flowers and Fruitsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Jacobsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Jacobsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longevity of Plant Organs: Internal Factors Controlling Abscission

Jacobs¹

1962

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

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Studies on the Floral Histogenesis and Physiology of Perilla. Iii. Effects of Indoleacetic Acid on the Flowering of Apical Buds and Explants in Culture

Raghavan

1961

American J of Botany

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Raghavan, V. (Princeton U., Princeton, N. J.) Studies on the floral histogenesis and physiology of Perilla. III. Effects of indoleacetic acid on the flowering of apical buds and explants in culture. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(10): 870–876. Illus. 1961.—The responses of apical buds and explants of a short‐day plant, Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. var. 'Tall Late,' when grown in vitro in White's medium supplemented with indoleacetic acid (IAA) and subjected to short‐days (SD) or long‐days (LD), are described. Additions of varying concentrations of IAA to the medium inhibited the flowering of the photoinduced apical buds in 2 ways. There was a progressive delay in the appearance of the first signs at the apex and a gradual transition from the more flower‐like structures in lower concentrations of IAA (0.1 mg/liter) to sterile cones in higher doses. The sterile cones had florets with well‐developed calyx and corolla lobes, but lacked the sporogenous tissues. When subjected to LD, visible signs were observed only in buds grown in 0.1 and 1.0 mg/liter IAA, the pronounced effect of the auxin being in the step‐wise inhibition in the formation of the non‐sporogenous tissues of the differentiating florets. Flowering of the explants with the 1st pair of unfolded leaves was also inhibited by IAA in either SD or LD, but the 1st signs appeared relatively faster than in apical buds. When photoinduced, explants with the 1st and 2nd pairs of unfolded leaves flowered in all concentrations of IAA tried (up to 100 mg/liter) while those kept in LD remained entirely vegetative.

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Apical Dominance and Form in Woody Plants: A Reappraisal

Brown

McAlpine

Kormanik

1967

American J of Botany

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The form of woody plants is commonly interpreted in terms of apical dominance. Trees with the decurrent or deliquescent branching habit are said to have weak apical dominance, whereas excurrent branching is associated with strong apical dominance. A close examination of many decurrent species such as the oaks, hickories, and maples reveals that almost all of the lateral buds on the current year's twigs are completely inhibited. This complete inhibition of lateral buds by definition and common usage of the term is an expression of strong apical dominance. In trees possessing the excurrent branching habit, such as most conifers and some angiosperms, many of the lateral buds on the current year's twigs elongate to varying degrees. This is usually interpreted as an expression of weak apical dominance. The relationship between bud inhibition and form in woody perennials is much more complex than bud inhibition in herbaceous plants because of the time sequence in the formation and release of lateral buds. For example, it is only after a period of rest or dormancy in the decurrent forms that one or more of the uppermost lateral buds are released, and these may outgrow the currently elongating terminal shoot resulting in forking. Conversely, in the excurrent forms, it seems that the initial expression of weak apical dominance enables the terminal leader to outgrow the currently elongating lateral branches so that it exerts complete control over their subsequent growth and development in later years. An examination of the levels of diffusible auxin at different points along the twigs of excurrent and decurrent species indicates that the balance of growth factors at any given locus, and not the absolute quantity of auxin, exerts primary control over bud inhibition and shoot elongation.

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What substance normally controls a given biological process?

Cited by 60 publications

References 38 publications

Longevity of Plant Organs: Internal Factors Controlling Abscission

Longevity of Plant Organs: Internal Factors Controlling Abscission

Studies on the Floral Histogenesis and Physiology of Perilla. Iii. Effects of Indoleacetic Acid on the Flowering of Apical Buds and Explants in Culture

Apical Dominance and Form in Woody Plants: A Reappraisal

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