What Should We Make with CO2 and How Can We Make It?

Bushuyev, Oleksandr S.; Luna, Phil De; Dinh, Cao-Thang; Tao, Ling; Saur, Genevieve; Lagemaat, Jao van de; Kelley, Shana O.; Sargent, Edward H.

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2017.09.003

Cited by 1,159 publications

(899 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Of important note, the commercial viability of CO 2 RR to different products depends on a series of factors including not only the market demand of the product, but also the material, manufacturing, and separation costs. Although it is intuitively more desirable to control the selectivity toward higher‐valued products such as ethylene, ethanol, acetate, n ‐propanol, or even C 4 products, recent technoeconomic analysis unambiguously points out that the two‐electron electrochemical CO 2 RR to CO or formic acid is the most economically viable, whereas those C 2 –C 4 products other than propanol are not even profitable . This is understandable because the electricity cost is the major contributor to the operation cost of CO 2 electrolyzer.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Electrochemical Co2 Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promises of Main Group Metal–Based Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to Formate

Han

Pan

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

472

384

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Selective CO2 reduction to formic acid or formate is the most technologically and economically viable approach to realize electrochemical CO2 valorization. Main group metal–based (Sn, Bi, In, Pb, and Sb) nanostructured materials hold great promise, but are still confronted with several challenges. Here, the current status, challenges, and future opportunities of main group metal–based nanostructured materials for electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate are reviewed. Firstly, the fundamentals of electrochemical CO2 reduction are presented, including the technoeconomic viability of different products, possible reaction pathways, standard experimental procedure, and performance figures of merit. This is then followed by detailed discussions about different types of main group metal–based electrocatalyst materials, with an emphasis on underlying material design principles for promoting the reaction activity, selectivity, and stability. Subsequently, recent efforts on flow cells and membrane electrode assembly cells are reviewed so as to promote the current density as well as mechanistic studies using in situ characterization techniques. To conclude a short perspective is offered about the future opportunities and directions of this exciting field.

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Section: Fundamentals Of Electrochemical Co2 Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promises of Main Group Metal–Based Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to Formate

Han

Pan

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

472

384

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Table 1. [14] Another alternative is photocatalysis, typicallyw ith semiconductor catalysts, which can enable direct solar to fuel conversion. [4] Sector CO 2 sourceEmissions [Gt] electricity carbon-basedp owerp lants 12.4 heavy industry productiono fcement, limestone,a nd hydrogen 3.9 transport road > air > ship > rail 6.0 > 0.9 > 0.8 > 0.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Look at Direct Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Olefins

2019

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ReviewsScheme2.Redox (left) and associative (right) reaction pathways for the RWGS reaction. [82] Scheme3.Reduction and carburization steps of an iron-based catalyst. [83] Scheme4.Catalytic activity (top) and iron-phase composition of the catalyst (bottom) as af unction of time during the reaction. Reactionconditions:H 2 / CO 2 = 3, 250 8C, 1MPa, FeÀAlÀCuÀ9K catalyst. FT refers to the Fischer-Tropschr eaction. Arrows indicatethe increase or decrease of reaction yield/iron phase during ac ertain episode. [84] ChemSusChem

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“…[1][2][3][4] A variety of emerging technologies, such as devices for energy conversion and storage, or for advanced air and water cleaning, are developed to meet the large energy demands and tackle various environmental challenges. [1][2][3][4] A variety of emerging technologies, such as devices for energy conversion and storage, or for advanced air and water cleaning, are developed to meet the large energy demands and tackle various environmental challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospinning of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Energy and Environmental Applications

2019

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organic linkers with a periodic, nanoscaled structure and ultrahigh surface areas. With their tunable pore/cage sizes, flexible skeleton, and large surface-to-volume ratio, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] MOFs have a large potential for a wide range of applications, including gas storage and separation, rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, nanoreactors, heterogeneous catalysis, or drug delivery. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to the design and synthesis of new MOFs structures and the investigation of their physical or chemical properties. MOFs are generally prepared as bulk form through traditional hydrothermal or solvothermal synthesis. [28][29][30][31] In order to expand the application range, suitable pathways for the structuring of MOF powders into a functional architecture or devices are highly desirable.Currently, intensive efforts are focusing on the structuring of MOFs at the mesoscopic/macroscopic scale for the use as coatings, membranes, or sophisticated architectures in specific devices and applications. [32][33][34][35] A major difference in the structuring of MOFs into complex shapes compared to inorganic microporous materials, such as zeolites or silica, is the fact that most inorganic binders cannot be used for MOFs as these binders usually require heat treatment. The intrinsic fragility of MOFs needs to be considered which is related to the inorganic/organic hybrid character of this class of materials and the resulting limited thermal and mechanical stability. Alternatively, a more effective way to structure MOFs is the combination with polymer materials. The polymer which acts as a binder improves the mechanical flexibility and ensures chemical stability. Numerous methods have been developed for structuring MOF-polymer compositions including hard or soft templates, spin-or dip-coating, spray-drying, printing, or lithography approaches. [36][37][38] The integration of MOFs into a polymer matrix can result in poor MOF-polymer dispersion and compatibility issues owing to the different physical and chemical properties for the two kinds of materials and this is a challenge in some applications, e.g., in MOF-based mixed matrix membranes for gas separation. [39][40][41][42] The poor interfacial compatibility would lead to agglomeration of MOF particles, causing the formation of nonselective voids between the MOFs particles and the polymer.Electrospinning is a fabrication method to produce continuous ultrafine fibers with diameters in the range of a few tens of nanometers to a few micrometers in the form of nonwoven mats, yarns, etc. The mechanism of electrospinning is based Herein, recent developments of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) structured into nanofibers by electrospinning are summarized, including the fabrication, post-treatment via pyrolysis, properties, and use of the resulting MOF nanofiber architectures. The fabrication and post-treatment of the MOF nanofiber architectures are described systematically by two routes: i) the dire...

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What Should We Make with CO2 and How Can We Make It?

Cited by 1,159 publications

References 30 publications

Promises of Main Group Metal–Based Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to Formate

Promises of Main Group Metal–Based Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to Formate

A Critical Look at Direct Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Olefins

Electrospinning of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Energy and Environmental Applications

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What Should We Make with CO2 and How Can We Make It?

Cited by 1,159 publications

References 30 publications

Promises of Main Group Metal–Based Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate

Promises of Main Group Metal–Based Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate

A Critical Look at Direct Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Olefins

Electrospinning of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Energy and Environmental Applications

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Product

Resources

About

Promises of Main Group Metal–Based Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to Formate

Promises of Main Group Metal–Based Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to Formate