What should be done to address losses associated with ‘medical brain drain’?

Refugee Entrepreneurship

“…Refugee entrepreneurship, while initially driven by the need to survive, it can add valuable input to host communities in terms of the "unique, and ultimately complimentary, set of skills, culture, and attributes with which they innovate and create job opportunities and make contributions to economic growth of host countries" (Betts et al, 2019) Where conditions call for it, the role of intermediaries in access and recruitment of refugee talents has been discussed (Kulichyova & H., 2021). This is important for Kenya which has a shortage of professionals in some sectors such as in health (Miseda et al, 2017) with regular brain drain for professionals in this sector costing Kenya USD 500,000 for each doctor as of 2017 (Brock & Blake, 2017) This nurturing of talent, skills, knowledge and capabilities of refugees should be seen as a gain to the host country (Betts, 2021), to enhance its own human capital capabilities without the financial burden of long-term education & training of said professionals. Bizri M. R, (2017)notes the similarities between immigrant and refugee entrepreneurship in expanding and enriching select sectors within the economy of a host country.…”

Interjecting the geographies of skills into international skilled migration research: Political economy and ethics for a renewed research agenda

“…Skilled mobility, especially that of health workers, is one of the most ethically ambivalent forms of migration, with the rights of the health worker to move posited against the rights of the resident population to health. These two contrasting rights and the values attached are, however, underpinned by methodological nationalism, that is, people should practice their skills in their 'home countries' irrespective of where they acquired them (Brock & Blake, 2017). However, there have also been critiques of the methodological nationalism inherent in this brain-drain debate (Sager, 2017).…”

Critical review of the use of financial incentives in solving health professionals' brain drain

“…Although there is a general brain drain of scientists, doctors, academics, engineers and IT specialists due to the increasing migration of these professionals to developed countries (Ullah, 2018;Laila & Fiaz, 2018;Anokye et al, 2019). However, this paper is focused on the brain drain of health professionals as study shows that the estimated 4.3 million shortfall of healthcare professionals worldwide has increased the demand for doctors and nurses by the richer nations (Brock & Blake, 2017;Mlambo & Adetiba, 2017;Jack, 2019); and many studies have found that mortality is threatened, and health outcomes decline when health professionals leave the country (Donoso & Mancilla, 2017;Yuksekdag, 2018;Uprety, 2019). The effective functioning of any health sector is highly dependent on the availability of skilled health professionals, losing these professionals will ultimately weaken the socio economic development of its country; hence the need to find ways of limiting their migration (Donoso & Mancilla, 2017;Okeja, 2017;Mlambo & Adetiba, 2017).…”