What shapes ground beetle assemblages in a tree species-rich subtropical forest?

Abstract

As woody plants provide much of the trophic basis for food webs in forests their species richness, but also stand age and numerous further variables such as vegetation structure, soil properties and elevation can shape assemblages of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). However, the combined impact of these numerous variables on ground beetle diversity and community structure has rarely been studied simultaneously. Therefore, ground beetles were studied in 27 plots in a highly diverse and structurally heterogeneous subtropical forest ecosystem, the Gutianshan National Park (southeast China) using pitfall traps and flight interception traps. Both trapping methods collected partly overlapping species spectra. The arboreal fauna was dominated by lebiines and to a smaller extent by tiger beetles and platynines; the epigeic fauna comprised mostly representatives of the genus Carabus and numerous tribes, especially anisodactylines, pterostichines, and sphodrines. Ground beetle species richness, abundance, and biomass of the pitfall trap catches were analyzed with generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), fitted with seven environmental variables. Four of these variables influenced the ground beetle assemblages: Canopy cover, herb cover, pH-value of the topsoil and elevation. Contrary to our expectations, woody plant species richness and stand age did not significantly affect ground beetle assemblages. Thus, ground beetles seem to respond differently to environmental variables than ants and spiders, two other predominantly predatory arthropod groups that were studied on the same plots in our study area and which showed distinct relationships with woody plant richness. Our results highlight the need to study a wider range of taxa to achieve a better understanding of how environmental changes affect species assemblages and their functioning in forest ecosystems.

Assemblage Characteristics of Butterflies and Carabid Beetles as a Function of Soil Characteristics and Plant Diversity in Differently Managed Fields, Forests and Ecotones: A Case Study in Tuczno Forest District, Poland

“…The formation of characteristic assemblages in these two taxonomic groups for the study sites in the research area has been shown in former studies, e.g., Szyszko-Podgórska [33]; Schwerk et al [70]. The sensitive reaction of carabid beetles to soil pH has also been previously reported, e.g., Koivula [25]; Zumstein et al [71]; Nietupski et al [72]. It can also be assumed that many other soil parameters correlate with soil pH [73,74].…”

Terry Erwin’s legacy: from taxonomy and natural history to biodiversity research and conservation biology

“…Lioptera erotyloides is more widely distributed in subtropical East Asia and is also found in the Gutianshan National Park (China). Zumstein et al (2021) were able to detect both this pericaline species and comparably colored erotyloids in flight interception traps there, but we were not able to observe the species alive in the field. However, the parallels shown here between ground beetles and fungus beetles are striking.…”