What research tells us about the intersecting streams of homelessness and foster care.

Zlotnick, Cheryl

doi:10.1037/a0017218

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Contrasting historical and post-2006Á2007 data on H/HM students with a NonMobile population of students in the same school districts over the same time period provided evidence, consistent with previous research (Culhane et al 2003;Zlotnick 2009), that H/HM students have significantly more involvement with child welfare prior to an identification of homelessness or high mobility by the schools. H/HM students also exhibit falling attendance trajectories prior to the year of their identification.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Homeless and highly mobile students: A population-level description of the status of homeless students from three school districts

Larson

Meehan

2011

Journal of Children and Poverty

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An increasing number of school-age children lack fixed, permanent housing, which negatively affects their school engagement, jeopardizing long-term school success. Much of the previous research on this problem has focused on specific interventions in specific jurisdictions on targeted populations, but seldom have researchers attempted to study homeless and highly mobile students at a population level. This descriptive study combined statewide and local district education and child welfare data to examine and describe the attributes of children, who are identified as homeless in relation to their mobile and NonMobile peers. These data provided a population-level, multi-system picture of homeless students that offers one novel example of data use to agencies that serve students to potentially improve student identification. Also offered is a suggested direction for an evaluation of McKinney-Vento policy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Bassuk and Rosenberg (1997) found that by the age of 8 years, one in three children who are homeless have a diagnosable mental disorder. Children who are homeless are also more likely to be involved with child welfare (Culhane et al 2003;Zlotnick 2009). …”

Section: Introduction: Students Who Are Homelessmentioning

confidence: 98%

Homeless and highly mobile students: A population-level description of the status of homeless students from three school districts

Larson

Meehan

2011

Journal of Children and Poverty

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“…Once homeless or “drifting”, street culture promotes antisocial behavior, including association with deviant peers and means of subsistence (e.g., sex trade, theft, drug dealing) [11]. The cumulative impact of these factors places youth at high risk for a wide range of health and psychosocial problems including substance misuse and chronic homelessness [12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of foster care among homeless adults with mental illness in Vancouver, British Columbia: a precursor to trajectories of risk

2015

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BackgroundIt is well documented that a disproportionate number of homeless adults have childhood histories of foster care placement(s). This study examines the relationship between foster care placement as a predictor of adult substance use disorders (including frequency, severity and type), mental illness, vocational functioning, service use and duration of homelessness among a sample of homeless adults with mental illness. We hypothesize that a history of foster care predicts earlier, more severe and more frequent substance use, multiple mental disorder diagnoses, discontinuous work history, and longer durations of homelessness.MethodsThis study was conducted using baseline data from two randomized controlled trials in Vancouver, British Columbia for participants who responded to a series of questions pertaining to out-of-home care at 12 months follow-up (n = 442). Primary outcomes included current mental disorders; substance use including type, frequency and severity; physical health; duration of homelessness; vocational functioning; and service use.ResultsIn multivariable regression models, a history of foster care placement independently predicted incomplete high school, duration of homelessness, discontinuous work history, less severe types of mental illness, multiple mental disorders, early initiation of drug and/or alcohol use, and daily drug use.ConclusionsThis is the first Canadian study to investigate the relationship between a history of foster care and current substance use among homeless adults with mental illness, controlling for several other potential confounding factors. It is important to screen homeless youth who exit foster care for substance use, and to provide integrated treatment for concurrent disorders to homeless youth and adults who have both psychiatric and substance use problems.Trials registration numbersBoth trials are registered with the International Standard Randomized Control Trial Number Register and were assigned ISRCTN57595077 (Vancouver At Home Study: Housing First plus assertive community treatment versus congregate housing plus supports versus treatment as usual) and ISRCTN66721740 (Vancouver At Home Study: Housing First plus intensive case management versus treatment as usual) on September 9, 2012.

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“…Higher rates of homelessness, unemployment, mental health issues, and incarceration have been found for these adolescents (Dregan & Gulliford, 2012;Dworsky & Courtney, 2009;Stott, 2012). Studies show adolescents both in and aging out of foster care to be more at risk for engaging in risky sexual behaviors, teen pregnancy, participating in self-destructive and delinquent behaviors (Fowler, Toro, & Miles, 2009;Grogan-Kaylor et al, 2008;Zlotnick, 2009). Indeed, increasing age has been found to be associated with a higher risk of substance use (Guibord, Bell, Romano, & Rouillard, 2011).…”

Section: Risks Of Substance Use For Adolescents In Foster Carementioning

confidence: 93%

A Comparison of Adolescents in Foster Care and Their Peers in High School: A Study of Substance Use Behaviors and Attitudes

Siegel

Benbenishty

Astor

2016

Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse

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While adolescents in foster care are known to be more at risk for substance abuse, existing studies have significant limitations in their methodology, making it challenging to gauge the extent of current use of drugs, tobacco, and alcohol compared with their same-age peers not in care. This article examined data collected from adolescents currently in foster care alongside their same-aged peers within the same high schools in California, in order to learn more about existing rates of and attitudes toward substance use. California is the most populous state in the country with the highest number of children in foster care. Data were drawn from 166,521 students who were both in and out of foster care and were currently in the ninth and eleventh grades; this sample was comprised of 165,815 non-foster youths and 706 students in foster care. The adolescents completed the 2012-2013 administration of the California Health Kids Survey (CHKS). This study provides a clearer picture of current substance usage, finding that California adolescents in care are more likely to use substances than their same-aged peers, even after controlling for their demographic background characteristics. It was also found that attitudes regarding potential harm in using substances (2.29 versus 2.11), difficulty in obtaining substances (3.17 versus 3.24), and negative attitudes toward substance users (1.93 versus 2.18) were stronger for youths in foster care compared to their peers with similar demographic backgrounds who are not in care. Suggestions for interventions are discussed.

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What research tells us about the intersecting streams of homelessness and foster care.

Cited by 48 publications

References 40 publications

Homeless and highly mobile students: A population-level description of the status of homeless students from three school districts

Homeless and highly mobile students: A population-level description of the status of homeless students from three school districts

History of foster care among homeless adults with mental illness in Vancouver, British Columbia: a precursor to trajectories of risk

A Comparison of Adolescents in Foster Care and Their Peers in High School: A Study of Substance Use Behaviors and Attitudes

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