What really causes FAS?

Abel, Ernest L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9926(199901)59:1<4::aid-tera3>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Averaging alcohol intake can conceal information about the number of occasions of consumption and the amount consumed per occasion-for example, the difference between drinking 1 drink of alcohol every day of the week, versus 7 drinks on 1 occasion (Abel, 1999;Dawson and Room, 2000)-and this was the picture that emerged when we examined our data. We found that the proportion of women consuming 1 to 2 drinks on a typical occasion did not change very much over the course of the pregnancy, but the number of occasions of drinking alcohol declined during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy in Nonindigenous West Australian Women

Colvin

Payne

Parsons

et al. 2007

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

133

147

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Background: High alcohol intake in pregnancy has been linked to abnormal fetal development. There are limited published data in Australia on standard drinks of alcohol consumed on a typical occasion during the periconceptional period or pregnancy.Methods: During 1995 to 1997, a 10% random sample of all nonindigenous women giving birth in Western Australia was surveyed 12 weeks after delivery (N 5 4,839). Women were asked questions about alcohol consumption in each of the 4 time periods: the 3 months before pregnancy and each trimester of pregnancy. Questions were framed to measure volume, frequency, and type of alcoholic beverage.Results: 46.7% of the women had not planned their pregnancy. Most women (79.8%) reported drinking alcohol in the 3 months before pregnancy, with 58.7% drinking alcohol in at least 1 trimester of pregnancy. The proportion of women consuming 1 to 2 drinks on a typical occasion did not change much during pregnancy, but the number of occasions declined. Although the proportion of women consuming more than 2 standard drinks on a typical occasion declined after the first trimester, 19.0% of women consumed this amount in at least 1 trimester of pregnancy and 4.3% of women consumed 5 or more standard drinks on a typical occasion in at least 1 trimester of pregnancy. In the first trimester of pregnancy, 14.8% of women drank outside the current Australian guideline for alcohol consumption in pregnancy, decreasing to 10% in the second and third trimesters.Conclusions: Women generally reduced their average alcohol consumption and the number of standard drinks on a typical occasion as their pregnancy progressed, although 10 to 14% were drinking outside current guidelines for pregnancy. It is important that all women of child-bearing age are aware, well before they consider pregnancy, of the risks of drinking alcohol during pregnancy so they can make informed decisions about their alcohol consumption in pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy in Nonindigenous West Australian Women

Colvin

Payne

Parsons

et al. 2007

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

133

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4 Even though heavy drinking does not automatically result in the birth of a affected child, it is generally recognized that pregnant women should err on the side of safety and not consume any alcoholic beverages during pregnancy [5]. Fortunately, most women do heed this advice, but for the ones that do not, there can be serious medical, emotional and economic complications involved with a diagnosis of FAS [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of physicians knowledge regarding awareness of maternal alcohol use and the diagnosis of FAS.

Nevin¹,

Parshuram²,

Nulman³

et al. 2002

BMC Fam Pract

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Background: Alcohol is the most widely used drug in the world that is a human teratogen whose use among women of childbearing age has been steadily increasing. It is also probable that Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is under diagnosed by physicians. The objectives of this study were twofold: 1) to evaluate the experience, knowledge and confidence of family physicians with respect to the diagnosis of FAS and 2) to evaluate physicians awareness of maternal drinking patterns.

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“…That is certainly not the case for most of the publications over the past 10 years from the Seattle longitudinal study (22,62), nor is it an accurate characterization of analyses reported by the Pittsburgh study (18). Abel (61) These coefficient or salience vectors can be computed using an iterative algorithm derived from their implicit characterization as correlations as just described, or it can be shown that this characterization leads equivalently to their computation as the first pair of singular vectors of the m x n correlation matrix R between the dose and response scores. The latter suggests further interpretations of the saliences as explanations of the pattern of correlations between the measures of dose and response.…”

Section: Categorizing Fas and Screening For Prenatal Effects Of Alcohmentioning

confidence: 98%

On Categorizations in Analyses of Alcohol Teratogenesis

Sampson¹,

Streissguth²,

Bookstein³

et al. 2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

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In biomedical scientific investigations, expositions of findings are conceptually simplest when they comprise comparisons of discrete groups of individuals or involve discrete features or characteristics of individuals. But the descriptive benefits of categorization become outweighed by their limitations in studies involving dose-response relationships, as in many teratogenic and environmental exposure studies. This article addresses a pair of categorization issues concerning the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure that have important public health consequences: the labeling of individuals as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) versus fetal alcohol effects (FAE) or alcoholrelated neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), and the categorization of prenatal exposure dose by thresholds. We present data showing that patients with FAS and others with FAE do not have meaningfully different behavioral performance, standardized scores of IQ, arithmetic and adaptive behavior, or secondary disabilities. Similarly overlapping distributions on measures of executive functioning offer a basis for identifying alcohol-affected individuals in a manner that does not simply reflect IQ deficits. At the other end of the teratological continuum, we turn to the reporting of threshold effects in dose-response relationships. Here we illustrate the importance of multivariate analyses using data from the Seattle, Washington, longitudinal prospective study on alcohol and pregnancy. Relationships between many neurobehavioral outcomes and measures of prenatal alcohol exposure are monotone without threshold down to the lowest nonzero levels of exposure, a finding consistent with reports from animal studies. In sum, alcohol effects on the developing human brain appear to be a continuum without threshold when dose and behavioral effects are quantified appropriately.

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What really causes FAS?

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy in Nonindigenous West Australian Women

Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy in Nonindigenous West Australian Women

A survey of physicians knowledge regarding awareness of maternal alcohol use and the diagnosis of FAS.

On Categorizations in Analyses of Alcohol Teratogenesis

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