What predicts nitrous oxide emissions and denitrification N‐loss from European soils?

Kaiser, Ernst‐August; Eiland, F.; Germon, Jean-Claude; Gispert, María; Heinemeyer, Otto; Hénault, Catherine; Lind, Anne-Margrethe; Maag, M.; Saguer, E.; Cleemput, Oswald Van; Vermoesen, Annick; Webster, Collin A.

doi:10.1002/jpln.1996.3581590604

Cited by 46 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These soil properties were found to be positively correlated with soil N 2 O fluxes. Although soil N 2 O production can be enhanced by clay content likely due to clay's effects on soil aeration and water content (Kaiser et al, 1996; Rochette et al, 2008; Chen et al, 2013), such was not the case in this study. Our results indicate that, compared with soil organic matter, clay content did not significantly affect denitrification and soil N 2 O emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Reactive Nitrogen in Turfgrass Systems: Relations to Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties

Bowman

Rufty

et al. 2015

J. Environ. Qual.

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Turfgrass systems contribute to the loading of reactive N to water and air via runoff, leaching, and gas emission. Yet, a comprehensive approach has never been developed to assess N loss potential from turfgrass systems. We used pools and production of reactive N (inorganic N, extractable organic N, and NO) to estimate N loss potential and hypothesized that this potential could be predicated by basic soil properties. A total of 68 soil samples were taken from 17 bermudagrass sites in North Carolina. Basic soil properties were analyzed, including soil C and N, C:N ratio, microbial biomass, moisture, pH, and percent silt/clay/sand. Soil samples varied most widely in texture, followed by soil C and N, microbial biomass, moisture, pH, and C:N ratio. The pools of extractable organic N and inorganic N were comparable, indicating that soluble organic N should be considered as a pathway of N loss from turfgrass. Turfgrass with large pools and production of reactive N was characterized by high soil C and N, microbial biomass, and moisture. Because soil C and N accumulate over time after turfgrass establishment, turfgrass age could be a suitable practical indicator of N loss potential and thus could be used to implement changes in management. Pools and production of reactive N in liquid and gas phases were well correlated, suggesting that if a turfgrass system has a high potential of N loss via leaching and runoff, it may also be of a high potential for NO emissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Reactive Nitrogen in Turfgrass Systems: Relations to Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties

Bowman

Rufty

et al. 2015

J. Environ. Qual.

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“…In our study, the relationship strengthened with increasing applied proportion of NO 3 -N, the substrate for denitrification. Ambus & Christensen, 1993;Kaiser et al, 1996;Lemke et al, 1998;Harrison & Matson, 2003;Petersen et al, 2008). In a mesocosm experiment measuring GHG fluxes from bare agricultural soil, Ineson et al (unpublished data) unequivocally demonstrated that without labile C, N 2 O fluxes were negligible even under high rates of mineral N addition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy crop oilseed rape (Brassica napus); the role of photosynthetically active radiation in diurnal N₂O flux variation

et al. 2017

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Oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus L.) is an important feedstock for biodiesel; hence, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and particularly fertilizer‐derived nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during cultivation must be quantified to assess putative greenhouse gas (GHG) savings, thus creating an urgent and increasing need for such data. Substrates of nitrification [ammonium (NH4)] and denitrification [nitrate (NO3)], the predominant N2O production pathways, were supplied separately and in combination to OSR in a UK field trial aiming to: (i) produce an accurate GHG budget of fertilizer application; (ii) characterize short‐ to medium‐term variation in GHG fluxes; (iii) establish the processes driving N2O emission. Three treatments were applied twice, 1 week apart: ammonium nitrate fertilizer (NH4NO3, 69 kg‐N ha−1) mimicking the farm management, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, 34.4 kg‐N ha−1) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3, 34.6 kg‐N ha−1). We deployed SkyLine2D for the very first time, a novel automated chamber system to measure CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes at unprecedented high temporal and spatial resolution from OSR. During 3 weeks following the fertilizer application, CH4 fluxes were negligible, but all treatments were a net sink for CO2 (ca. 100 g CO2 m−2). Cumulative N2O emissions (ca. 120 g CO2‐eq m−2) from NH4NO3 were significantly greater (P < 0.04) than from NaNO3 (ca. 80 g CO2‐eq m−2), but did not differ from NH4Cl (ca. 100 g CO2‐eq m−2) and reduced the carbon sink of photosynthesis so that OSR was a net GHG source in the fertilizer treatment. Diurnal variation in N2O emissions, peaking in the afternoon, was more strongly associated with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) than temperature. This suggests that the supply of carbon (C) from photosynthate may have been the key driver of the observed diurnal pattern in N2O emission and thus should be considered in future process‐based models of GHG emissions.

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“…With respect to the root exclusion treatment, the mean N 2 O flux rate was almost five times greater than the control treatment. The increased N 2 O emission in the root exclusion treatment might be partly explained by the decomposition of dead roots (Kaiser et al 1996). However, as mentioned above, it is reasonable to assume that the effect of decomposing roots on N transformation should gradually decrease.…”

Section: Impact Of Shoot Clipping and Root Exclusion On Ch 4 Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Plant-mediated methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from a carex meadow in Poyang Lake during drawdown periods

Cai

Yao

et al. 2015

Plant Soil

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Aims Plants have been suggested to have significant effects on methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes from littoral wetlands, but it remains unclear in subtropical lakes. Methods We conducted in situ measurement of CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes for two years. To distinguish between the effects of shoots and roots, three treatments (i.e., intact plants as control, shoot clipping, and root exclusion) were used. Effects of plant biomass, temperature, and soil moisture on CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes were analyzed. Results The mean ecosystem CH 4 emission rate was 36 μg CH 4 m −2 h −1 for drying periods, but 8219 μg CH 4 m −2 h −1 for drying-wetting transition periods. CH 4 fluxes were positively correlated with below-ground and total biomass, but not with above-ground biomass. Clipping did not significantly alter CH 4 flux rate, but root exclusion decreased the CH 4 flux by 116 % as compared to the control. N 2 O emissions were similar for both the drying and drying-wetting transition periods, with a mean rate of 20 μg N 2 O m −2 h −1 . Both clipping and root exclusion significantly increased N 2 O fluxes as compared to the control. Conclusions There was no significant correlation between CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes. Roots dominated plantmediated enhancement in CH 4 fluxes, but played almost an equal role as shoots in plant-regulated suppression on N 2 O fluxes in this Carex meadow during drawdown periods.

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What predicts nitrous oxide emissions and denitrification N‐loss from European soils?

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Reactive Nitrogen in Turfgrass Systems: Relations to Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties

Reactive Nitrogen in Turfgrass Systems: Relations to Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties

Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy crop oilseed rape (Brassica napus); the role of photosynthetically active radiation in diurnal N₂O flux variation

Plant-mediated methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from a carex meadow in Poyang Lake during drawdown periods

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What predicts nitrous oxide emissions and denitrification N‐loss from European soils?

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Reactive Nitrogen in Turfgrass Systems: Relations to Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties

Reactive Nitrogen in Turfgrass Systems: Relations to Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties

Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy crop oilseed rape (Brassica napus); the role of photosynthetically active radiation in diurnal N2O flux variation

Plant-mediated methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from a carex meadow in Poyang Lake during drawdown periods

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Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy crop oilseed rape (Brassica napus); the role of photosynthetically active radiation in diurnal N₂O flux variation