What pre-deployment and early post-deployment factors predict health function after combat deployment?: a prospective longitudinal study of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) soldiers

McAndrew, Lisa M.; D’Andrea, Elizabeth; Lu, Shou‐En; Abbi, Bhavna; Yan, Grace W.; Engel, Charles C.; Quigley, Karen S.

doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-73

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…According to the findings of the reviewed articles, the self-care status and ADLs were poor among the veterans who suffered from the PTSD. In all of the studies, the physical functioning (i.e., self-care or ADLS) were lower in the PTSD population in comparison to their non-PTSD counterpart (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45). Our study is congruent with those demonstrating that the PTSD significantly enhances multiple domains of functional impairment (29,46,47).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Self-care status of veterans with combat-related post traumatic stress disorder: A review article

Khalili

Nir

Fallahi-Khoshknab

et al. 2017

J Nurs Midwifery Sci

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Background and Purpose: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is identified as the risk factor for functional difficulties in most of the survivors. The aim of this study was to investigate the current evidence-based literature on the area of self-care and ADL status in the veterans with combat-related PTSD. Methods:This review was conducted on the studies published within 2005-2015. The search was performed using such databases as SID, Iran Medex, Magiran, Science Direct, ProQuest, and PubMed. The searches were initially carried out using single keywords, and then continued with using OR/AND for combining words such as "self-care activity, instrumental activities of daily living, physical functioning, post-traumatic stress disorder in war veterans, etc". Finally, a total of 783 papers were retrieved, out of which only 15 publications were considered relevant to the subject under discussion and investigated in-depth.Results: According to the findings of the reviewed articles, there is a relationship between the self-care status and PTSD severity; as a result, greater PTSD symptoms are accompanied by poorer self-care practices and ADLs. Furthermore, in all the studies, the physical functioning (self-care or ADLs) was lower in the PTSD population in comparison to the non-PTSD population. Conclusion:As the findings of the retrieved articles indicated, it can be conclude that the self-care practices and ADLs were poor among the veterans suffering from PTSD. Therefore, it is necessary that nurses develop a comprehensive care planning for this population to facilitate their achievement of independence in ADLs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Self care status of veterans with PTSD and post-deployments on the PTSD symptoms and physical functioning among the veterans (33,39,40). One study examined the relationship between the functional status (i.e., self-care, physical functioning, physical role) and the PTSD among the male and female veterans (41).…”

Section: Brooks Et Al (45) (2008)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-care status of veterans with combat-related post traumatic stress disorder: A review article

Khalili

Nir

Fallahi-Khoshknab

et al. 2017

J Nurs Midwifery Sci

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“…We found little difference in their relative effects, with the notable exception of combat experience and other war experience which were associated with reduced odds of subsequent physical ill-health. This finding may seem at odds with the many studies documenting later physical poor health in combat veterans [3], [52]–[54]. However, many of those studies have either focused on veterans with PTSD (ie, not the effects of combat experience per se), or have lacked a control group of non-veterans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Associations between Lifetime Traumatic Events and Subsequent Chronic Physical Conditions: A Cross-National, Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAssociations between lifetime traumatic event (LTE) exposures and subsequent physical ill-health are well established but it has remained unclear whether these are explained by PTSD or other mental disorders. This study examined this question and investigated whether associations varied by type and number of LTEs, across physical condition outcomes, or across countries.MethodsCross-sectional, face-to-face household surveys of adults (18+) were conducted in 14 countries (n = 38, 051). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed lifetime LTEs and DSM-IV mental disorders. Chronic physical conditions were ascertained by self-report of physician's diagnosis and year of diagnosis or onset. Survival analyses estimated associations between the number and type of LTEs with the subsequent onset of 11 physical conditions, with and without adjustment for mental disorders.FindingsA dose-response association was found between increasing number of LTEs and odds of any physical condition onset (OR 1.5 [95% CI: 1.4–1.5] for 1 LTE; 2.1 [2.0–2.3] for 5+ LTEs), independent of all mental disorders. Associations did not vary greatly by type of LTE (except for combat and other war experience), nor across countries. A history of 1 LTE was associated with 7/11 of the physical conditions (ORs 1.3 [1.2–1.5] to 1.7 [1.4–2.0]) and a history of 5+ LTEs was associated with 9/11 physical conditions (ORs 1.8 [1.3–2.4] to 3.6 [2.0–6.5]), the exceptions being cancer and stroke.ConclusionsTraumatic events are associated with adverse downstream effects on physical health, independent of PTSD and other mental disorders. Although the associations are modest they have public health implications due to the high prevalence of traumatic events and the range of common physical conditions affected. The effects of traumatic stress are a concern for all medical professionals and researchers, not just mental health specialists.

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“…The HEROES Project is a prospective longitudinal observational cohort design with measures collected at four time points: predeployment, immediately postdeployment, 3 mo postdeployment, and 1 yr postdeployment (for description see McAndrew et al, Yan et al, and Quigley et al [20][21][22]). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were Army National Guard and Army Reserve enlisted soldiers (including noncommissioned officers) deploying to either OIF or OEF who participated in the HEROES Project [20][21][22]. Exclusion criteria were current self-reported depression, medications with cardiovascular and/or autonomic effects (e.g., beta blockers or other antihypertensive medication), history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder or current cancer, high blood pressure, or pregnancy.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans report symptoms consistent with chronic multisymptom illness one year after deployment

et al. 2016

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Many Veterans returning from service in Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/ OEF) experience chronic pain. What is not known is whether for some OIF/OEF Veterans this pain is part of a larger condition of diffuse multisystem symptoms consistent with chronic multisymptom illness (CMI). We use data from a prospective longitudinal study of OIF/OEF Veterans to determine the frequency of CMI. We found that 1 yr after deployment, 49.5% of OIF/OEF Veterans met criteria for mild to moderate CMI and 10.8% met criteria for severe CMI. Over 90% of Veterans with chronic pain met criteria for CMI. CMI was not completely accounted for either by posttraumatic stress disorder or by predeployment levels of physical symptoms. Veterans with symptoms consistent with CMI reported significantly worse physical health function than Veterans who did not report symptoms consistent with CMI. This study suggests that the presence of CMI should be considered in the evaluation of OIF/OEF Veterans. Further, it suggests that the pain management for these Veterans may need to be tailored to take CMI into consideration. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Abstract-Many Veterans returning from service in Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) experience chronic pain. What is not known is whether for some OIF/OEF Veterans this pain is part of a larger condition of diffuse multisystem symptoms consistent with chronic multisymptom illness (CMI). We use data from a prospective longitudinal study of OIF/OEF Veterans to determine the frequency of CMI. We found that 1 yr after deployment, 49.5% of OIF/OEF Veterans met criteria for mild to moderate CMI and 10.8% met criteria for severe CMI. Over 90% of Veterans with chronic pain met criteria for CMI. CMI was not completely accounted for either by posttraumatic stress disorder or by predeployment levels of physical symptoms. Veterans with symptoms consistent with CMI reported significantly worse physical health function than Veterans who did not report symptoms consistent with CMI. This study suggests that the presence of CMI should be considered in the evaluation of OIF/OEF Veterans. Further, it suggests that the pain management for these Veterans may need to be tailored to take CMI into consideration.

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What pre-deployment and early post-deployment factors predict health function after combat deployment?: a prospective longitudinal study of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) soldiers

Cited by 36 publications

References 44 publications

Self-care status of veterans with combat-related post traumatic stress disorder: A review article

Self-care status of veterans with combat-related post traumatic stress disorder: A review article

Associations between Lifetime Traumatic Events and Subsequent Chronic Physical Conditions: A Cross-National, Cross-Sectional Study

Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans report symptoms consistent with chronic multisymptom illness one year after deployment

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