What needs to change to increase chlamydia screening in general practice in Australia? The views of general practitioners

Hocking, Jane S; Parker, Rhian; Pavlin, Natasha L; Fairley, Christopher K.; Gunn, Jane

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-425

Cited by 55 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although the current guidelines suggest screening rectal and pharyngeal sites in addition to genital specimens on the basis of a patient's sexual history (Workowski & Bolan, 2015), almost no extra-genital tests were performed by general practitioners and gynaecologists in our sample. Probably, this aspect is not linked to the absence of unsafe oral and anal intercourse in subjects attending general practitioners and gynaecological clinics but to a low awareness of these care providers about extra-genital CT testing and to patients' feelings of STI-related shame and STI-related stigma (Hocking et al, 2008;Cunningham et al, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevalence and serovar distribution in a high-density urban area in the north of Italy

Foschi

Nardini

Banzola

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The aim of this study was to assess Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection prevalence and serovar distribution in a high-density urban area in the north of Italy, by comparing different groups of subjects divided on the basis of the type of care provider they referred to (STI Clinic, gynaecologists or general practitioners). From January 2011 to May 2014, all the specimens submitted to the Microbiology Laboratory of St Orsola Hospital in Bologna for CT detection were tested by PCR assay. For positive specimens, molecular genotyping based on RFLP analysis was performed. Total prevalence of CT infection was 8.1 %, with significant differences between subgroups (P<0.01) but stable during the study period. The STI Clinic was mainly responsible for CT diagnosis, whereas the lowest infection prevalence was detected in gynaecological clinics, despite the high number of tests performed. Extra-genital samples were almost exclusively collected from males at the STI Clinic. Interestingly, 13.3 % of patients providing extra-genital specimens were positive for CT on rectal and/or pharyngeal swabs, and 4.4 % of cases would have been missed if extra-genital sites had not been tested. The most common serovar was E, and serovar distribution was influenced by gender (P<0.01), age (P<0.01), care provider (P=0.01) and anatomical site (P<0.01). The L2 serovar was detected only in extragenital samples from males at the STI Clinic. Knowledge about care providers' contributions in CT testing and diagnosis is essential for infection control. CT typing is crucial for appropriate management of specific infections, such as lymphogranuloma venereum in extra-genital samples of high-risk populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevalence and serovar distribution in a high-density urban area in the north of Italy

Foschi

Nardini

Banzola

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…1,2 There is a need for effective Chlamydia control strategies that target young people aged 15-24 years who are most at risk for this common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI). 3,4 A universal screening program is under consideration by the Government in Australia, 5 but does not appear to be on the agenda for New Zealand, with 2008 Ministry of Health guidelines recommending opportunistic screening for chlamydia be carried out. 6 Opportunistic testing for chlamydia and other STIs traditionally takes place in clinic settings, but newer laboratory testing methods (nucleic acid amplification testing, NAAT) has allowed for the accurate detection of Chlamydia from samples that are self-rather than clinician-obtained.…”

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confidence: 99%

Poor uptake of self‐sample collection kits for Chlamydia testing outside primary care

Rose

Lawton

Bromhead³

et al. 2010

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objectives: New strategies are needed to reach at-risk populations for Chlamydia screening.Method: Self-sample collection kits containing instructions and all items required for testing were developed and piloted in a three-month trial in primary care.Practice staff offered kits to young people receiving opportunistic Chlamydia screening to pass on to their 'social contacts.' Results:The 'pass it on' approach failed to reach adequate numbers of youth for testing: of 67 kits distributed, three specimens were sent to the laboratory (4.5%). Conclusions:The method of kit distribution trialled here was not successful in reaching at-risk youth for testing outside the primary care setting. Implications:Use of self-sample collection for chlamydia testing outside healthcare settings is likely to be important for increased access to testing. The importance of chlamydia testing needs to be widely promoted and methods for kit distribution to reach at-risk youth identified.

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“…102,160,[176][177][178] As a result of strongly held beliefs that men are difficult to reach primarily because of non-attendance at traditional health-care venues, attempts to increase chlamydia screening uptake in men have to date focused on trying to create innovative and customised approaches rather than exploiting the potential of mainstream health services. 179 The NCSP data show that only 25% of tests in men are carried out in 'core' (general practice, GUM clinic, CASH service) health settings.…”

Section: Conclusion Recommendations For Future Research and Implicamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ballseye programme: a mixed-methods programme of research in traditional sexual health and alternative community settings to improve the sexual health of men in the UK

Estcourt

Sutcliffe

Mercer

et al. 2016

Programme Grants Appl Res

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is governor of the Wellcome Trust. Jackie Cassell reports funding from the NIHR HTA programme as principal investigator for the study 'The relative clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three contrasting approaches to partner notification for curable sexually transmitted infections: a cluster randomised trial in primary care' (reference number 07/43/01), for which the final report has been published [Cassell JA, Dodds J, Estcourt C, Llewellyn C, Lanza S, Richens J, et al. The relative clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three contrasting approaches to partner notification for curable sexually transmitted infections: a cluster randomised trial in primary care. This journal is a member of and subscribes to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (www.publicationethics.org/).Editorial contact: nihredit@southampton.ac.ukThe full PGfAR archive is freely available to view online at www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/pgfar. Print-on-demand copies can be purchased from the report pages of the NIHR Journals Library website: www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk Criteria for inclusion in the Programme Grants for Applied Research journalReports are published in Programme Grants for Applied Research (PGfAR) if (1) they have resulted from work for the PGfAR programme, and (2) they are of a sufficiently high scientific quality as assessed by the reviewers and editors. Programme Grants for Applied Research programmeThe Programme Grants for Applied Research (PGfAR) programme, part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), was set up in 2006 to produce independent research findings that will have practical application for the benefit of patients and the NHS in the relatively near future. The Programme is managed by the NIHR Central Commissioning Facility (CCF) with strategic input from the Programme Director.The programme is a national response mode funding scheme that aims to provide evidence to improve health outcomes in England through promotion of health, prevention of ill health, and optimal disease management (including safety and quality), with particular emphasis on conditions causing significant disease burden.For more information about the PGfAR programme please visit the website: http://www.nihr.ac.uk/funding/programme-grants-forapplied-research.htm This reportThe research reported in this issue of the journal was funded by PGfAR as project number RP-PG-0707-10208. The contractual start date was in February 2009. The final report began editorial review in May 2015 and was accepted for publication in December 2015. As the funder, the PGfAR programme agreed the research questions and study designs in advance with the investigators. The authors have been wholly responsible for all data collection, analysis and interpretation, and for writing up their work. The PGfAR editors and production house have tried to ensure the accuracy of the authors' report and would like to thank the reviewers for their constructive comments on the final report document. However, they do not accept...

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What needs to change to increase chlamydia screening in general practice in Australia? The views of general practitioners

Cited by 55 publications

References 23 publications

Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevalence and serovar distribution in a high-density urban area in the north of Italy

Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevalence and serovar distribution in a high-density urban area in the north of Italy

Poor uptake of self‐sample collection kits for Chlamydia testing outside primary care

The Ballseye programme: a mixed-methods programme of research in traditional sexual health and alternative community settings to improve the sexual health of men in the UK

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