What Might have been the Ancestor of New World Siskins?~!2008-08-04~!2008-10-29~!2008-12-05~!

Arnaiz‐Villena, Antonio; Ruíz-del-Valle, Valentín; Reguera, Raquel; Gómez-Prieto, Pablo; Serrano-Vela, Juan Ignacio

doi:10.2174/1874453200801010046

Cited by 6 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…1). It is the extant ancestor of the North American goldfinch group [1,7,8,10,12]. In this study, twenty different alleles of C. spinus were found in 14 individuals ( Table 2).…”

Section: New Mhc Alleles Found In Genus Carduelismentioning

confidence: 54%

“…In this work, species from South American and North American groups have been studied. The age of appearance on Earth of the extant ancestor of North American group, Eurasian siskin (C. spinus) is approximately 5 million years ago [8,11,12] (Figs. 1 and 2).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Trees and Age Of Appearance On Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). However, the common precursor of South and North American radiations, namely, the link between Eurasian siskin (C. spinus) and Black-headed siskin (C. notata) is missing, as well as the common ancestor of all three groups (North, Meso and South radiations) [11], unless that C. spinus was the American siskin ancestor and several links are missed [12].…”

Section: Phylogenetic Trees and Age Of Appearance On Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the one extant direct ancestor of several North American finches, which appeared around 2 million years ago [8, 10 -12]: C. dominicensis, the Antillean siskin from the Caribbean high peaks of La Hispaniola Island; C. pinus, the pine siskin from North America; and C. atriceps, the Blackcapped siskin from Guatemalan -Mexican altiplano [10,11]. In addition, North American C. tristis and C. notata (also in South America) radiations may have been originated by Eurasian siskin (C. spinus) entrance to America [7,8,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Major Histocompatibility Complex Allele Persistence in Eurasia and America in the Genus Carduelis (Spinus) During Million Years

Arnaiz‐Villena¹,

Ruíz-del-Valle²,

Muñiz³

et al. 2017

TOOENIJ

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Introduction:GenusCarduelis(Fringillidaefamily) includes goldfinches, siskins, redpolls, greenfinches and crossbills. Many of the species classified within this genus and other related genera have been grouped by using molecular systematics and the mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt cyt b) gene. According to this, the Eurasian siskin (C. spinus)is the only one extant direct ancestor of several North American finches; North American / South American radiations may have been originated by Eurasian siskin (or extinct relative). In the present work, we aim to perform a study of transpecies and transcontinental analyses of MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I alleles in several genusCarduelis/Spinusspecies in order to draw evolutionary conclusions in several wild bird species belonging to the genusCarduelis / Spinus.Materials and Methods:Blood was taken from worldwide wild bird species. Passerine phylogeny was done after analysing mtDNA with Maximun Likelihood and Bayesian dendrograms. Major histocompatibility complex alleles were obtained by standard DNA cloning and sequencing.Results:We found two matches between MHC-I DNA alleles from different South American siskins at DNA level. Also, it was observed that the Eurasian siskin shares a protein with pine siskin and another with three South American siskins. Eight South American siskins species also share the same MHC protein. In addition, studied songbirds MHC class I intron 2 is longer than that ofGallus gallus.Conclusion:We have drawn the following conclusions: 1) We present the first direct evidence that “Minimal Essential MHC” does not exist for birds; one of its main definition characters,i.e.: small intron size does not hold for songbirds. 2) We also report that MHC genes transpecies evolution exist in birds by showing also for the first time that worldwide bird species keep the same MHC protein and DNA alleles. 3) New evidences on MHC alleles conservation from EurasianCarduelis spinus(most ancient) to South American siskins (most recent) during million years support that Eurasian siskin is the parental species for American GenusCarduelis (Spinus)species. It is uncertain whether Eurasian siskin (or extant relative) had initially an Holoartic distribution, including America.

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“…1). It is the extant ancestor of the North American goldfinch group [1,7,8,10,12]. In this study, twenty different alleles of C. spinus were found in 14 individuals ( Table 2).…”

Section: New Mhc Alleles Found In Genus Carduelismentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Phylogenetic Trees and Age Of Appearance On Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phylogenetic Trees and Age Of Appearance On Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Major Histocompatibility Complex Allele Persistence in Eurasia and America in the Genus Carduelis (Spinus) During Million Years

Arnaiz‐Villena¹,

Ruíz-del-Valle²,

Muñiz³

et al. 2017

TOOENIJ

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“…A continuum of small songbirds speciation was found during the Miocene, Pliocene and Pleistocene Epochs [18]. Also, last glaciations may have separated western European siskins (C. spinus) from the Far East subspecies by an ice-induced vicariance effect [19]. A linearized Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree was constructed to infer the hypothetical evolutive radiation times of appearance on Earth [20].…”

Section: Statistical Analyses and Time Calculation Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrildinae Finches (Aves, Passeriformes) from Africa, South Asia and Australia: a Molecular Phylogeographic Study

Arnaiz‐Villena¹,

Ruíz-del-Valle²,

Gómez-Prieto³

et al. 2009

TOOENIJ

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Estrildid finches are distributed throughout Africa, South Asia, Australia and neighbouring islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Some specific phylogenetic and systematic debated questions have been clarified in the present study by mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequencing of 61 species of Estrildids and subsequent analyses of results by both Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methodologies. Our results support that Estrildids are a monophyletic group with polytomies that may have started evolving by Middle Miocene Epoch (about 16, 5 million years ago). This proposed timing is coincidental with the Fringillinae finches' radiation starting time and also with the biggest Hymalayan and Tibetan Plateau uplift, triggered by the Indian tectonic plate strongest collision; this established present day southern Asia monsoon regime and other drastic climatic changes, like a dryer weather in Tibetan Plateau and China deserts. The Estrildid finches form a monophyletic group which includes several polytomies and comprises African, Asian and Australian birds. The most ancient evolutive group comprises African (African silverbill), Asian (Indian silverbill) and Australian (diamond firetail); this suggests that the whole Estrildids radiation might have originated around India.More Estrildid species will be studied in order to further establish this group phylogeography. In addition, monophyletic radiations include species from different Continents. Finally, Ploceinae Genus Quelea finches is a group separate and basal from Estrildini and Viduini species in our dendrograms.

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Speciation in mountain refugia: phylogeography and demographic history of the pine siskin and black‐capped siskin complex

Alvarez

Salter

McCormack

et al. 2015

Journal of Avian Biology

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Following Pleistocene glacial maxima, species that adapted to temperate climates in low-latitude refugia had to modify their ranges as climate changed, expanding either latitudinally towards the poles, or altitudinally to higher elevations in mountainous regions. Within just a few thousand years, populations taking alternative routes during interglacials became isolated from each other and subjected to different selection pressures, often leading to lineage divergence and speciation. The pine siskin Spinus pinus is a common and widespread songbird showing relative phenotypic uniformity across the North American continent. One exception is the subspecies found in the highlands of northern Central America (S. p. perplexus), which shows marked differentiation in plumage color and shares some traits with the endemic and partly sympatric black-capped siskin S. atriceps, suggesting potential introgression or even a hybrid origin of perplexus. Relationships and species limits among pinus, perplexus and atriceps have been controversial for decades. We provide new molecular evidence to help resolve the evolutionary history of the group. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear intron sequences revealed three distinct lineages within the complex, corresponding to: 1) S. pinus individuals from Canada through central Mexico (S. p. pinus and S. p. macropterus), 2) individuals from the highlands of Guatemala and Chiapas (S. p. perplexus), and 3) S. atriceps. Pine siskins across North America show evidence of a recent postglacial population expansion and extremely low levels of diversity and structure. In contrast, S. p. perplexus shows evidence of demographic stasis, reflecting long-term isolation and restricted dispersal. Marked and diagnostic genetic differences among the three lineages in mtDNA and at least one intron, suggest that a hybrid origin of S. p. perplexus is unlikely, yet some degree of introgression between S. p. perplexus and S. atriceps cannot be ruled out in localities where they occur in sympatry.

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What Might have been the Ancestor of New World Siskins?~!2008-08-04~!2008-10-29~!2008-12-05~!

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Major Histocompatibility Complex Allele Persistence in Eurasia and America in the Genus Carduelis (Spinus) During Million Years

Major Histocompatibility Complex Allele Persistence in Eurasia and America in the Genus Carduelis (Spinus) During Million Years

Estrildinae Finches (Aves, Passeriformes) from Africa, South Asia and Australia: a Molecular Phylogeographic Study

Speciation in mountain refugia: phylogeography and demographic history of the pine siskin and black‐capped siskin complex

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