What makes your brain suggestible? Hypnotizability is associated with differential brain activity during attention outside hypnosis

Cojan, Yann; Piguet, Camille; Vuilleumier, Patrik

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.076

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Independently of the implementation of suggested responses, multiple neuroimaging studies have presented evidence pointing to atypical coupling between brain regions supporting monitoring and control processes during selective attention tasks or at rest in highly suggestible individuals (Cojan, Piguet, & Vuilleumier, 2015;Egner et al, 2005;Jiang et al, in press). The interpretation of these results is somewhat limited as they have alternately been observed at baseline or following an induction, the direction of the coupling has varied across studies, and none have observed phenomenological or behavioural correlates.…”

Section: Cognitive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypnosis and top-down regulation of consciousness

Terhune

Cleeremans

Raz

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

142

165

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Hypnosis is a unique form of top-down regulation in which verbal suggestions are capable of eliciting pronounced changes in a multitude of psychological phenomena. Hypnotic suggestion has been widely used both as a technique for studying basic science questions regarding human consciousness but also as a method for targeting a range of symptoms within a therapeutic context. Here we provide a synthesis of current knowledge regarding the characteristics and neurocognitive mechanisms of hypnosis. We review evidence from cognitive neuroscience, experimental psychopathology, and clinical psychology regarding the utility of hypnosis as an experimental method for modulating consciousness, as a model for studying healthy and pathological cognition, and as a therapeutic vehicle. We also highlight the relationships between hypnosis and other psychological phenomena, including the broader domain of suggestion and suggestibility and conclude by identifying the most salient challenges confronting the nascent cognitive neuroscience of hypnosis and outlining future directions for research on hypnosis and suggestion.

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Section: Cognitive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypnosis and top-down regulation of consciousness

Terhune

Cleeremans

Raz

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

142

165

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“…Electrodes were placed on an EEG cap (g.tec, g.GAMMAsys) according to 10-20 international system (F3, Fz, F4, T7, C3, Cz, C4, T8, P3, Pz, P4, O1, Oz, and O2) (Fig 1 (c)) and were selected to cover five main cortical regions (i.e., frontal, central, temporal, parietal and occipital) in both left and right hemispheres (red circles) and midline locations (green circles). We chose these electrodes due to their relative alignment with the brain regions that were identified by the previous research for their significant involvement in hypnosis: the default mode network (DMN) [63] and fronto-parietal network [1,8,10]. From a broader perspective, the channels that were included in our study covered all the major lobes of the brain that are involved in action, emotion, language, cognitive control, and action (see [64], Chapters 9 through 12 for a detailed treatment of the subject).…”

Section: Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a typical hypnotic phenomenon (e.g., sensory experience, amnesia, etc.) requires specific suggestions, research indicates that hypnotizability is rather associated with the brain activity during attention outside hypnosis [10]. In other words, individuals are able to respond to hypnotic suggestions without the need for a formal induction procedure [8,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher hypnotic suggestibility is associated with the lower EEG signal variability in theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands

et al. 2020

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Variation of information in the firing rate of neural population, as reflected in different frequency bands of electroencephalographic (EEG) time series, provides direct evidence for change in neural responses of the brain to hypnotic suggestibility. However, realization of an effective biomarker for spiking behaviour of neural population proves to be an elusive subject matter with its impact evident in highly contrasting results in the literature. In this article, we took an information-theoretic stance on analysis of the EEG time series of the brain activity during hypnotic suggestions, thereby capturing the variability in pattern of brain neural activity in terms of its information content. For this purpose, we utilized differential entropy (DE, i.e., the average information content in a continuous time series) of theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands of fourteen-channel EEG time series recordings that pertain to the brain neural responses of twelve carefully selected high and low hypnotically suggestible individuals. Our results show that the higher hypnotic suggestibility is associated with a significantly lower variability in information content of theta, alpha, and beta frequencies. Moreover, they indicate that such a lower variability is accompanied by a significantly higher functional connectivity (FC, a measure of spatiotemporal synchronization) in the parietal and the parieto-occipital regions in the case of theta and alpha frequency bands and a non-significantly lower FC in the central region's beta frequency band. Our results contribute to the field in two ways. First, they identify the applicability of DE as a unifying measure to reproduce the similar observations that are separately reported through adaptation of different hypnotic biomarkers in the literature. Second, they extend these previous findings that were based on neutral hypnosis (i.e., a hypnotic procedure that involves no specific suggestions other than those for becoming hypnotized) to the case of hypnotic suggestions, thereby identifying their presence as a potential signature of hypnotic experience. ) Higher hypnotic suggestibility is associated with the lower EEG signal variability in theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0230853.Entropy quantifies the hypnotic suggestibility PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.

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“…Indeed, we have sufficient evidence for the Highs' extraordinary ability to perform cognitive tasks. It is indicated by their peculiar attentional ability 87,88 , their proneness to disregard irrelevant information 89 , to voluntarily modulate their conscious experience according to specific suggestions 30 and to modify their state of consciousness voluntarily 90 .…”

Section: Sensory-cognitive Information Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topology highlights mesoscopic functional equivalence between imagery and perception

Ibáñez‐Marcelo

Campioni

Phinyomark

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The functional equivalence between mental images and perception or motion has been proposed on the basis of neuroimaging evidence of large spatially overlapping activations between real and imagined sensori-motor conditions. However, similar local activation patterns do not imply the same mesoscopic integration of brain regions active during imagery and perception or action. Here we present the first EEG evidence of topological equivalence between functional network organization at intermediate and global scales during tasks. We show that the degree of functional equivalence varies in the population and is associated with different magnitudes in the restructuring of the functional connectivity between imagery and real tasks. In particular, changes observed during imagery with respect to basal conditions account for the cognitive effort experienced during imagery, and subjects characterized by stronger functional equivalence exhibit smaller topological deviations in the imagination tasks performed after real tasks, thus showing learning effects. Altogether, our findings point to different sensori-cognitive information processing in the subjects showing different functional equivalence. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for a novel dynamical description of functional equivalence, which will be relevant for socio-cognitive theories of embodiment and cognitive formulations of how different selves emerge from neurophysiological assets.

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What makes your brain suggestible? Hypnotizability is associated with differential brain activity during attention outside hypnosis

Cited by 57 publications

References 76 publications

Hypnosis and top-down regulation of consciousness

Hypnosis and top-down regulation of consciousness

Higher hypnotic suggestibility is associated with the lower EEG signal variability in theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands

Topology highlights mesoscopic functional equivalence between imagery and perception

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