What makes the Sino‐Himalayan mountains the major diversity hotspots for pheasants?

Cai, Tianlong; Fjeldså, Jon; Wu, Yongjie; Shao, Shimiao; Chen, Youhua; Qing, Quan; Li, Xinhai; Song, Gang; Qu, Yanhua; Qiao, Ge‐Xia; Lei, Fumin

doi:10.1111/jbi.13156

Cited by 59 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…However, this discrepancy might have been caused by methodological issues. The estimate of the same split by Stein et al (2015) based on fossil calibration was 3 Ma, while that of Cai et al (2018) again based on fossil calibration was more in line with our result. Also the divergence among the strauchi-vlangalii and the torquatus group estimated by Liu et al (2010) is in line with our temporal framework.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The common pheasant seems to have originated at the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau or the adjacent south-west or central Chinese mountains. The Sino-Himalayan region is a diversity hotspot and a diversification center of pheasants in general (Cai et al , 2018). While the avifaunal assemblages of the Himalayas are generally the result of immigration (Johansson et al , 2007; Päckert et al , 2012; Price et al , 2014), the south-west and central Chinese Mountains were revealed as a species-pump in other studies (Päckert et al , 2015; Liu et al , 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, interactions between climate change and geographic features such as topography led to regionally different phylogeographic patterns in the Holarctic and adjacent regions. For instance, bird species from mountainous south-central China often show strongly structured but long-term stable populations as the result of a combination of complex mountainous landscapes and a climate which was mildly affected by Pleistocene climate change (Qu et al , 2014; Lei et al , 2015; Cai et al , 2018). As a consequence, different subspecies (reflecting recent population splits) of species with large ranges in East Asia, south-central China and Central Asia might have experienced divergent drivers of diversification and show different evolutionary trajectories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regionally divergent drivers of historical diversification in the late Quaternary in a widely distributed generalist species, the common pheasantPhasianus colchicus

S¹,

Y²,

E³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AimHistorical factors such as Pleistocene climate cycles and associated environmental changes have influenced the phylogeographic structure and demographic dynamics of many species. Resulting patterns not only depend on species’ life-history but also vary regionally. Consequently, different populations of species with large ranges over different biomes might have experienced divergent drivers of diversification and show different population histories. Such a representative species is the common pheasant Phasianus colchicus, an ecological generalist with a wide distribution in the Palearctic and at the edge of the Oriental region. We aimed at identifying distinct phylogeographic lineages of the common pheasant and investigating their evolutionary trajectories.Study locationAsiaMethodsWe used coalescent approaches to describe the phylogeographic structure and to reconstruct the spatio-temporal diversification and demographic history of the common pheasant based on a comprehensive geographic sampling of 265 individuals genotyped at seven nuclear and two mitochondrial loci.ResultsThe common pheasant diversified during the late Pleistocene into eight distinct evolutionary lineages which only partly correspond to traditional morphological groups. It originated at the edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and spread from there to East and Central Asia. Only the widely distributed genetically uniform lowland lineage of East Asia showed a recent range and population expansion, starting during last glacial. More phylogeographic structure was found elsewhere with lineages showing no signs of recent range expansions. One lineage of subtropical south-central China this is the result of long-term isolation in a climatically stable and topographically complex region. In others from arid Central Asia and China, demographic and range expansions were impeded by repeated population fragmentation during dry glacial and recent aridification. Given such a phylogeographic structure and demographic scenarios among lineages, we proposed split the range-wide common pheasant into three species.Main conclusionsSpatio-temporal phylogeographic frameworks of widespread species complexes such as the common pheasant provide valuable opportunities to identify regionally divergent drivers of diversification.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regionally divergent drivers of historical diversification in the late Quaternary in a widely distributed generalist species, the common pheasantPhasianus colchicus

S¹,

Y²,

E³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Specifically, energy is the basis of survival for all kinds of living beings, and net primary productivity (NPP) is an appropriate index for representing the energy produced by vegetation. Habitats with high productivity have more available sources and sustain more individual populations, increasing the survival probability of species [43][44][45][46][47]. Habitat connectivity is crucial for maintaining ecological processes in good condition.…”

Section: Establishment Of a Biodiversity Constraint Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodiversity hotspot analysis A broad definition of 'biodiversity hotspots'refers to any area or region with exceptionally high biodiversity at the ecosystem, species and genetic levels [51]. Spatial autocorrelation analysis can be used to identify biodiversity hotspots [43,66]. The * G i index is the most commonly used coefficient for spatial autocorrelation analysis.…”

Section: Habitat Quality Assessment By the Invest Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity constraint indicator establishment and its optimization for urban growth: framework and application

Sun

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Urbanization causes tremendous pressure on biodiversity and ecosystems at the global scale. China is among the countries undergoing the fastest urban expansion. For a long time, ecological environment protection has not been a priority in China's urban planning process. Current urban growth optimization research has some limitations regarding the selection of more scientific ecological constraint indicators and the interaction between urban expansion and ecological factors. This paper at first aimed to establish a reasonable comprehensive biodiversity constraint indicator based on the indicators of net primary productivity, habitat connectivity and habitat quality, and then conducted a case study in Beijing and compared biodiversity loss and urban growth patterns under different developing situations. The integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs model and GISrelated methods were used to obtain biodiversity and ecological spatial distribution layers. Then an ecological priority-oriented urban growth simulation method was proposed to search for minimum biodiversity loss. The results showed that the important biodiversity security areas were mostly distributed in the western part of the study area and that the ecological degradation in 2000 had a radial pattern and was well in line with the urban construction and ring road distribution patterns. Meanwhile, biodiversity loss with the biodiversity constraint was much less than actual urban growth in 2000-2010. Under the guidance of ecological optimization, urban growth in the research results reflects decentralized and multi-center spatial development characteristics. This type of urban growth not only provides a new model for breaking the inertia of urban sprawl but also proposes 'biodiversity security' as an applicable regulatory tool for urban planning and space governance reforming.

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“Into and Out of” the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and the Himalayas: Centers of origin and diversification across five clades of Eurasian montane and alpine passerine birds

Päckert

Favre

Schnitzler

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Encompassing some of the major hotspots of biodiversity on Earth, large mountain systems have long held the attention of evolutionary biologists. The region of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) is considered a biogeographic source for multiple colonization events into adjacent areas including the northern Palearctic. The faunal exchange between the QTP and adjacent regions could thus represent a one‐way street (“out of” the QTP). However, immigration into the QTP region has so far received only little attention, despite its potential to shape faunal and floral communities of the QTP. In this study, we investigated centers of origin and dispersal routes between the QTP, its forested margins and adjacent regions for five clades of alpine and montane birds of the passerine superfamily Passeroidea. We performed an ancestral area reconstruction using BioGeoBEARS and inferred a time‐calibrated backbone phylogeny for 279 taxa of Passeroidea. The oldest endemic species of the QTP was dated to the early Miocene (ca. 20 Ma). Several additional QTP endemics evolved in the mid to late Miocene (12–7 Ma). The inferred centers of origin and diversification for some of our target clades matched the “out of Tibet hypothesis’ or the “out of Himalayas hypothesis” for others they matched the “into Tibet hypothesis.” Three radiations included multiple independent Pleistocene colonization events to regions as distant as the Western Palearctic and the Nearctic. We conclude that faunal exchange between the QTP and adjacent regions was bidirectional through time, and the QTP region has thus harbored both centers of diversification and centers of immigration.

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What makes the Sino‐Himalayan mountains the major diversity hotspots for pheasants?

Cited by 59 publications

References 64 publications

Regionally divergent drivers of historical diversification in the late Quaternary in a widely distributed generalist species, the common pheasantPhasianus colchicus

Regionally divergent drivers of historical diversification in the late Quaternary in a widely distributed generalist species, the common pheasantPhasianus colchicus

Biodiversity constraint indicator establishment and its optimization for urban growth: framework and application

“Into and Out of” the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and the Himalayas: Centers of origin and diversification across five clades of Eurasian montane and alpine passerine birds

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