What Makes an Autoantigen an Autoantigen?

Abstract

Multiple classes of proteins are modified to tailor them for specific physiological roles. The nature of these posttranslational modifications of proteins, as well as the relationships between them including those of the immune system proteins themselves, and immune system responses are reviewed. Aspects of protein posttranslational modification and their relationship to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases and primary biliary cirrhosis are highlighted.

The Role of Protein Methyltransferases in Immunity

“…Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) is a key transcription factor that mediates the differentiation of Th17 cells [ 38 , 63 ]. PRMT1 has been demonstrated to be related to RORγt and regulated mouse Th17 differentiation, which is promoted by PRMT1 overexpression.…”

“…Methylation facilitates its association with NFAT and leads to elevated cytokine production, whereas deficient expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 has been observed in T cells from NIP45-impaired mice [37]. Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) is a key transcription factor that mediates the differentiation of Th17 cells [38,63]. PRMT1 has been demonstrated to be related to RORγt and regulated mouse Th17 differentiation, which is promoted by PRMT1 overexpression.…”