What Makes a Norm Robust: The Norm Against Female Combat

Percy, Sarah

doi:10.1093/jogss/ogy044

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…While these motivations are not irrelevant, we decided to focus on the behaviour displayed by states rather than their underlying intentions, as the former affects global politics while the latter cannot be identified with certainty. 15 In terms of what follows from responsible behaviour, we assume, on an abstract level, that such behaviour may lead to norm generation, norm strengthening, an increase in the robustness of norms, norm clarification or contestation and change of norms (Ben-Josef Hirsch and Dixon 2021;Deitelhoff and Zimmermann 2019;Orchard and Wiener 2023: 14-17;Percy 2019;Stimmer 2019). In the specific case of the support of Ukraine, we identify a strengthening of existing norms, such as the right to self-defence and the prohibition of the use of force.…”

Section: State Behaviour In the Context Of The Russian War Against Uk...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Between (ir)responsibility and (in)appropriateness: Conceptualizing norm-related state behaviour in the Russian war against Ukraine

Gholiagha,

Sienknecht

2023

Glob. Con.

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The Russian war against Ukraine has challenged fundamental norms such as sovereignty, non-interference and the prohibition of the use of force. It has led to diverse reactions from the international community. Only very few states sided with Russia, some states remained neutral, while the vast majority condemned the attack and supported Ukraine in its right to self-defence. Thus, although there is no legal obligation, many states display behaviour that goes beyond diplomatic support. They support Ukraine financially and even deliver weapons to support Ukraine in its right to self-defence. In this article, we conceptualize different types of actors’ behaviour in world politics. We distinguish between responsible, irresponsible, appropriate, and inappropriate behaviour. We apply this typology to states’ reaction to the Russian war against Ukraine. The typology enables us to analyse the variation of the responses with reference to norms and responsibility, two core concepts of International Relations (IR) Theory and global politics. Counterintuitively as it might seem, we argue that the support of Ukraine with weapons can be categorized as responsible behaviour as it displays an over-fulfilment of the right to self-defence norm, which leads to the emergence of a new norm: the responsibility to support norm.

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Section: State Behaviour In the Context Of The Russian War Against Uk...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Between (ir)responsibility and (in)appropriateness: Conceptualizing norm-related state behaviour in the Russian war against Ukraine

Gholiagha,

Sienknecht

2023

Glob. Con.

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“…From a global perspective, the integration and representation of women in military organizations has been slowly increasing over the last 50 years ( King, 2013 ). However, only two dozen nations allow women to participate in all military roles, including combat arms occupations ( Goldstein, 2018 ; Percy, 2019 in MacKenzie and Gunaydin, 2022 ). Combat arms occupations are those in which troops participate in frontline military combat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Proud, brave, and tough”: women in the Canadian combat arms

Hendel,

MacEachern,

Haxhiu

et al. 2024

Front. Sociol.

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Canada’s defence policy, Strong, Secure, Engaged, emphasizes the importance of leveraging Canada’s diversity to strengthen the Canadian Armed Forces. Currently, women in the Canadian military are underrepresented across most elements and occupations, especially in the combat arms occupations, including among officers and non-commissioned personnel in combat units such as infantry, armored corps, artillery, and combat engineering. Research suggests that the benefits associated with the inclusion of women in combat arms occupations include an increase in collective intelligence, operational effectiveness, task cohesion, and diversity. This article explores the gender gap in the Canadian combat arms by examining the findings from two recent qualitative research studies on the perceptions of women in the Regular Force and Primary Reserve. The authors analyze female military personnel’s perceptions of women serving in the combat arms, and the ways to increase their inclusion in the military. The key findings reveal the following themes on women’s perceptions of servicewomen in the combat arms: great job for those who want it; challenging environment (e.g., working within a masculinized culture, necessary toughness, tokenism and the “pink list,” being treated differently, and family loyalty); unique challenges faced by women in combat roles; combat takes a toll on women’s mental and physical health; and benefits of women’s participation in multinational operations. The discussion highlights the need to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion, promote a culture change that fosters greater inclusion of women in the combat arms, and increase operational effectiveness through training and policies.

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Norms, Diffusion, and International Humanitarian Law

Wright

2023

Norm Clusters of Non-State Armed Groups

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What Makes a Norm Robust: The Norm Against Female Combat

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Between (ir)responsibility and (in)appropriateness: Conceptualizing norm-related state behaviour in the Russian war against Ukraine

Between (ir)responsibility and (in)appropriateness: Conceptualizing norm-related state behaviour in the Russian war against Ukraine

“Proud, brave, and tough”: women in the Canadian combat arms

Norms, Diffusion, and International Humanitarian Law

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