What lies beneath: surveying the Thames at Woolwich

Lenham, Joe; Meyer, Vaughan; Edmonds, H E; Harris, D. I.; Mortimore, Rory N.; Reynolds, John; Black, M.

doi:10.1680/cien.2006.159.1.32

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…There are a number of examples of significant disruption resulting from the occurrence of buried hollows that have been reported in the literature (Higginbottom & Fookes 1970;Hutchinson 1991;Strange et al 1998;Lenham et al 2006;Paul 2009), which range from differential settlement of foundations to excessive local settlement and stability problems both in excavations and in tunnels with all the inevitable consequence of unforeseen ground conditions. There is also potential for buried hollows to form preferential pathways for contaminant migration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buried hollows form zones of contrasting ground conditions for civil engineering projects (Higginbottom & Fookes 1970;Berry 1979;Hutchinson 1991;Lenham et al 2006;Paul 2009). More specifically, a number of examples of buried hollows causing significant disruption to engineering have been reported in the literature (Higginbottom & Fookes 1970;Anonymous 1984;Hutchinson 1991;Strange et al 1998;Lenham et al 2006;Paul 2009). The disruption ranges from differential settlement of foundations to excessive local settlement and stability problems within excavations and tunnels with the inevitable consequences of unforeseen ground conditions.…”

Section: Application Of the Susceptibility Map To Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anomalous buried hollows in London: development of a hazard susceptibility map

Banks

Bricker

Royse

et al. 2015

QJEGH

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Engineering works carried out in central London over many decades have revealed a number of buried hollows that exhibit curious characteristics. Some extend deep into the bedrock geology and are in-filled with disturbed superficial deposits and reworked bedrock. Others are contained within the superficial deposits. They can be up to 500 m wide and more than 60 m in depth. As the infill material often has different behavioural characteristics from the surrounding deposits failure to identify them during an initial site investigation can prove costly. This paper considers their common characteristics and describes the method used to develop a buried hollow hazard susceptibility map. This map provides planners with a broader awareness of the potential location of difficult ground conditions associated with them, thereby reducing the potential for unforeseen ground conditions through effective site investigation design. The paper continues with a discussion of some of the likely processes associated with their formation, which are attributed to cryogenic processes, and concludes with potential future research directions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of the Susceptibility Map To Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous buried hollows in London: development of a hazard susceptibility map

Banks

Bricker

Royse

et al. 2015

QJEGH

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“…A magnetometer has the advantage of detecting ferrous objects to greater depths than most commercial or military grade metal detectors. Both are used routinely in water and land-based searches (examples include the SeaQuest Gradiometer and the SeaSpy Magnetometer), yet like GPR (below) very little has been published in the scientific literature on their use in water-based forensic searches, with the exception of UXO detection (see Nelson & McDonald, 2001, Pope et al, 1996, Lenham et al 2006. Zafrir et al, (2001) describe the use of mapping magnetic anomalies from a vessel in unexploded ordnance detection, whilst Aponick & Bernstein (2003) show how terrestrial line searches may be made in a 'crawler' style (a 'fingertip search' is the term more commonly used in police operations) in the intertidal zone for searches of weapons.…”

Section: Magnetometers and Underwater Metal Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of geoscience methods for aquatic forensic searches

Ruffell

Pringle

Cassella

et al. 2017

Earth-Science Reviews

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There have been few publications on the forensic search of water and fewer still on the use of geoforensic techniques when exploring aqueous environments. Here we consider what the nature of the aqueous environment is, what the forensic target(s) may be, update the geoforensic search assets we may use in light of these, and provide a search strategy that includes multiple exploration assets. Some of the good practice involved in terrestrial searches has not been applied to water to-date, water being seen as homogenous and without the complexity of solid ground: this is incorrect and a full desktop study prior to searching, with prioritized areas, is recommended. Much experimental work on the decay of human remains is focused on terrestrial surface deposition or burial, with less known about the nature of this target in water, something which is expanded upon here, in order to deploy the most appropriate geoforensic method in water-based detection. We include case studies where detecting other forensic targets have been searched for; from metal (guns, knives) to those of a nonmetallic nature, such as submerged barrels/packages of explosives, drugs, contraband and items that cause environmental pollution. A combination of the consideration of the environment, the target(s), and both modern and traditional search devices, leads to a preliminary aqueous search strategy for forensic targets. With further experimental research and criminal/humanitarian casework, this strategy will continue to evolve and improve our detection of forensic targets.

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“…The occurrence of faulting can also be inferred from the displacement of correlatable marker beds or other stratigraphic horizons between neighbouring boreholes (Kirkpatrick and McCann, 1984;Page, 1995, fig. 2; Lenham et al, 2006;Newman, 2009;Mortimore et al, 2011). Seismic reflection surveys carried out in the River Thames have also revealed the presence of faults, for example at the site of the Thames Barrier (Fookes and Martin, 1978;Horner, 1984;Muir Wood, 1990;Fookes, 2006) and for the Jubilee Line Extension project (D. Page, written communication, 2009).…”

Section: Some Examples Of Under-representation Of Faults and Its Consmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2; Lenham et al, 2006;Newman, 2009;Newman et al, 2010), including some previously unrecognised, such as the Plaistow graben (a significant fault-zone in east London) and its possible lateral extensions . More detailed patterns of faulting have been demonstrated in 3D geological models for parts of London (Ford et al, 2010), both for the Chalk (Royse, 2010;Royse et al, 2010) and the Palaeogene .…”

Section: Evidence For Faulting In London From 3d Geological Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under-representation of faults on geological maps of the London region: reasons, consequences and solutions

Aldiss

2013

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

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London lies mainly within an area of long-term tectonic stability known as the London Platform. This is characterised by relatively thin Cretaceous and Palaeogene sequences overlying Palaeozoic basement at shallow depths, less seismic activity than surrounding areas and, according to published geological maps, little faulting.However, observations of temporary exposures and borehole records, and other studies, show that in reality faults are numerous and widespread in the London region. Their relative absence on the geological maps is a consequence of past mapping methods, coupled with the relative uniformity of extensive bedrock units such as the London Clay Formation and the Chalk Group, and the widespread presence of Quaternary and anthropogenic deposits, and of urban development. However, complementary approaches to geological surveying, including the use of geophysical data and satellite-based radar interferometry, together with geological modelling in three dimensions using subsurface information, provide the means to accurately survey fault systems even in the most densely urbanised areas.Such work shows that earth movements in the London area, apparently including nearsurface fault displacements, have taken place during the late Quaternary and continue at the present. These findings are important to civil engineering projects and hydrogeological studies in the London area and to understanding local tectonic development.2

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What lies beneath: surveying the Thames at Woolwich

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Anomalous buried hollows in London: development of a hazard susceptibility map

Anomalous buried hollows in London: development of a hazard susceptibility map

The use of geoscience methods for aquatic forensic searches

Under-representation of faults on geological maps of the London region: reasons, consequences and solutions

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