What is to be learned from damage and failure of reinforced concrete structures during recent earthquakes in Turkey?

Abstract. This paper evaluates the performance of masonry buildings during the 20 and 27 December 2007 Bala (Ankara) earthquakes. Bala is a township located 50 km southeast from Ankara city in Turkey. The majority of the buildings in the affected region are built in masonry. Most of masonry buildings were formed with random or coursed stone and mud brick walls without any reinforcement. Many of these buildings were damaged or had collapsed. The cracking and failure patterns of the buildings are examined and interpreted according to current provisions for earthquake resistance of masonry structures. The damages are due to several reasons such as poor construction quality and poor workmanship of the buildings. In addition to these reasons, the two earthquakes hit the buildings within seven days, causing progressive damage.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dogangun (2004) examined the performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the 1 May 2003 Bingöl earthquake in Turkey. Arslan and Korkmaz (2007) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of masonry buildings during the 20 and 27 December 2007 Bala (Ankara) earthquakes in Turkey

Adanur

2010

“…During the 20th century, Turkey experienced several moderate to heavy earthquakes that resulted in significant loss of life and property, and 22 major earthquakes with minimum magnitudes 7 (M w ) caused significant casualties and extensive structural damage (Arslan and Korkmaz, 2007;Ç agatay, 2005;Inel et al, 2008). The literature includes many studies of earthquakes and post-earthquake case studies in Turkey because several destructive earthquakes have hit the country during the last two decades (Arslan and Korkmaz, 2007;Ç agatay, 2005;Inel et al, 2008;Tan et al, 2008;Adalier and Aydıngün, 2001;Sezen et al, 2003;Dogangün, 2004;Celep et al, 2011;Kaplan et al, 2004). The majority of these studies are related to buildings with reinforced concrete (RC) structural systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most of the low-rise residential buildings constructed in villages and small towns are masonry structures. Therefore, much of the knowledge about Turkish earthquake hazards, structural deficiencies, and errors are concentrated on RC and masonry structures (Arslan and Korkmaz, 2007;Ç agatay, 2005;Inel et al, 2008;Kaltakcı et al, 2007;Tan et al, 2008;Adalier and Aydıngün, 2001;Sezen et al, 2003;Dogangün, 2004;Celep et al, 2011;Kaplan et al, 2004;Arslan, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

19 May 2011 Kütahya – Simav earthquake and evaluation of existing sample RC buildings according to the TEC-2007 criteria

Arslan

Olgun

Köroğlu

et al. 2013

This study examines the damage caused to reinforced concrete structures by the 2011 earthquake that occurred in Simav, Turkey. The study briefly reports on post-earthquake field observations, tectonic characteristics of the earthquake area, geotechnical characteristics of the field, and seismic characteristics of the earthquake. The main part of the study comprises a field study, material experiments, and performance analyses of two reinforced concrete buildings that survived the earthquake with medium level damage. The building performance was calculated and assessed according to the Turkish Earthquake Code requirements for existing building stock, and recommendations were made based on the findings

“…Turkey is frequently exposed to destructive earthquakes with the shortest return period (Dogangun, 2004;Kaltakci et al, 2007;Arslan et al, 2007). During last earthquakes, reinforced concrete structures were heavily damaged and collapsed due to well known design, construction faults (Elnashai, 2000;Kaplan et al, 2005;Cagatay, 2005;Scawthorn and Johnson, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake hazard and damage on traditional rural structures in Turkey

Korkmaz

Döndüren

2010

Abstract. During the last earthquakes in Turkey, reinforced concrete structures in the cities and masonry structures in the rural part were exposed to damage and failure. Masonry houses such as earthen, brick and stone structures are composed of building blocks with weak inter-binding action which have low tension capacity. Bending and shear forces generate tensile stresses which cannot be well tolerated. In this paper, the performance of masonry structures during recent earthquakes in Turkey is discussed with illustrative photographs taken after earthquakes. The followings are the main weakness in the materials and unreinforced masonry constructions and other reasons for the extensive damage of masonry buildings. Very low tensile and shear strength particularly with poor mortar, brittle behaviour in tension as well as compression, stress concentration at corners of windows and doors, overall unsymmetry in plan and elevation of building, unsymmetry due to imbalance in the sizes and positions of walls and openings in the walls, defects in construction such as use of substandard materials, unfilled joints between bricks, not-plump walls, improper bonding between walls at right angles etc.