What Is the Truth? An Application of the Extended Parallel Process Model to Televised Truth® Ads

LaVoie, Nicole R.; Quick, Brian L.

doi:10.1080/10410236.2012.728467

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“… 42 The EPPM is a sophisticated framework for examining the effectiveness of fear appeal messages and predicts how people will react when confronted with fear-inducing stimuli or information. 43 The model comprises four constructs which can be grouped into two efficacy constructs (self-efficacy and response-efficacy), and two threat constructs (susceptibility and severity). According to the EPPM, a positive self-protective response or behaviour can be expected when perceptions of a threat in a message are strong and perceived levels of efficacy are high; when perceptions of a threat are strong but perceived levels of efficacy are low, the model predicts denial or rejection of protection behaviours.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika pandemic online trends, incidence and health risk communication: a time trend study

et al. 2017

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ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the online search trends of Zika and examine their association with Zika incidence, assess the content of Zika-related press releases issued by leading health authorities and examine the association between online trends and press release timing.DesignUsing Google Trends, the 1 May 2015 to 30 May 2016 online trends of Zika and associated search terms were studied globally and in the five countries with the highest numbers of suspected cases. Correlations were then examined between online trends and Zika incidence in these countries. All Zika-related press releases issued by WHO/Pan America Health Organization (PAHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) during the study period were assessed for transparency, uncertainty and audience segmentation. Witte's Extended Parallel Process Model was applied to assess self-efficacy, response efficacy, susceptibility and severity. AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average with an eXogenous predictor variable (ARIMAX) (p,d,q) regression modelling was used to quantify the association between online trends and the timing of press releases.ResultsGlobally, Zika online search trends were low until the beginning of 2016, when interest rose steeply. Strong correlations (r=0.748–0.922; p<0.001) were observed between online trends and the number of suspected Zika cases in four of the five countries studied. Compared with press releases issued by WHO/PAHO, CDC press releases were significantly more likely to provide contact details and links to other resources, include figures/graphs, be risk-advisory in nature and be more readable and briefer. ARIMAX modelling results indicate that online trends preceded by 1 week press releases by WHO (stationary-R2=0.345; p<0.001) and CDC (stationary-R2=0.318; p=0.014).ConclusionsThese results suggest that online trends can aid in pandemic surveillance. Identification of shortcomings in the content and timing of Zika press releases can help guide health communication efforts in the current pandemic and future public health emergencies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika pandemic online trends, incidence and health risk communication: a time trend study

et al. 2017

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“…The threat component consists of severity and susceptibility. Severity in a fear appeal is expressed by content communicating the dangers and negative consequences of a risky behaviour (LaVoie and Quick, 2013;Lapinski, 2006;Witte, 1992). Susceptibility is conveyed through messages that communicate the likelihood of experiencing the negative consequences resulting from a dangerous behaviour (Lapinski, 2006;Witte, 1992).…”

Section: Literature Review 21 Fear Appeals In Social Marketingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to de Hoog et al (2007), a campaign was considered to apply fear appeals when it contained messages about the negative consequences of the target behaviour. More precisely, a campaign was included if messages about the dangers, negative consequences or seriousness of mobile phone use while driving were identifiable (Lapinski, 2006;LaVoie and Quick, 2013;Witte, 1992). There was no evidence that campaigns purposefully used fear appeal theories as theoretical underpinning.…”

Section: Analysis Of Recent Uk Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distracted driving prevention: an analysis of recent UK campaigns

Diegelmann

Ninaus

Terlutter

2020

JSOCM

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze message features of fear appeals in current British road safety campaigns directed against mobile phone use while driving and to discuss barriers to explicit theory use in campaign message design. Design/methodology/approach This message-centred research takes a qualitative content analytical approach to analyze nine British web-based road safety campaigns directed against mobile phone use while driving based on the extended parallel process model. Message content and message structure are analyzed. Findings There still exists a gap between theory and road safety campaign practice. The study reveals that campaigns with fear appeals primarily use threatening messages but neglect efficacy-based contents. Severity messages emerge as the dominant content type while self-efficacy and response efficacy are hardly represented. Fear appeal content in the threat component was mainly communicated through the mention of legal, financial and physical harm, whereas efficacy messages communicated success stories and encouragement. As regards message structure, the threat component always preceded the efficacy component. Within each component, different patterns emerged. Practical implications To enhance efficacy in campaigns directed against distracted driving and to reduce the gap between theory and practice, social marketers should include messages that empower recipients to abstain from mobile phone use while driving. Campaigns should show recommended behaviours and highlight their usefulness and effectiveness. Originality/value This paper adds to limited research conducted on effect-independent message properties of fear appeals. It enhances understanding of fear appeal message features across the structure and content dimension. By discussing barriers to explicit theory use in social marketing practice and offering practical implications for social marketers, it contributes towards reducing the barriers to explicit theory use in campaign message design.

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“…Self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief about his/her ability to follow the recommended suggestions successfully (eg, women can learn about early breast cancer diagnosis and manage their time to accomplish annual clinical breast examination). Response efficacy refers to beliefs about the effectiveness of the recommended suggestions to avert the threat (eg, annual clinical breast examination helps in early detection of breast cancer and thus a successful treatment) 32,34,35,38,39,42,43. The schematic picture of the EPPM is illustrated in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An educational intervention based on the extended parallel process model to improve attitude, behavioral intention, and early breast cancer diagnosis: a randomized trial

Zonouzy¹,

Niknami²,

Ghofranipour³

et al. 2018

IJWH

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BackgroundBreast cancer is an important public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on fear appeals using the extended parallel process model (EPPM) to improve attitudes, intention, and early breast cancer diagnosis in Iranian women.MethodsThis was a cluster-randomized trial conducted in Tehran, Iran. A sample of women 40 years old and above was recruited and assigned either to intervention group or to control group. The intervention group received two pamphlets containing fear appeals specially designed for this study using the EPPM. The control group received nothing. The primary outcomes were changes in attitude, behavioral intention, and early breast cancer diagnosis. Participants responded to a questionnaire before intervention and at 3 months follow-up assessments. Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were used for comparison.ResultIn all, 600 women were entered into the study (277 in the intervention group and 323 in the control group). Of these, 162 were lost to follow-up assessment. Thus, the analysis was restricted to those for whom both baseline and follow-up information was available (n=438). The mean age of participants was 53.2 (SD=9.45) years, and the mean year education of participants was 9.4 (SD=4.12) years. There were no significant differences between two groups regarding demographic variables. However, comparing outcome variables (attitude, intention, and early breast cancer diagnosis) at baseline and follow-up assessments, we found that the intervention group showed significant improvements in attitude and intention (P=0.01 and P=0.001, respectively), but no significant improvement was observed for early breast cancer diagnosis (P=0.78). The control group did not show any changes.ConclusionThe findings showed that fear appeals could not influence early breast cancer diagnosis among women. However, significant changes were observed for attitude and behavioral intention.

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What Is the Truth? An Application of the Extended Parallel Process Model to Televised Truth® Ads

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Zika pandemic online trends, incidence and health risk communication: a time trend study

Zika pandemic online trends, incidence and health risk communication: a time trend study

Distracted driving prevention: an analysis of recent UK campaigns

An educational intervention based on the extended parallel process model to improve attitude, behavioral intention, and early breast cancer diagnosis: a randomized trial

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