What is the scanpath signature of syntactic reanalysis?

Malsburg, Titus von der; Vasishth, Shravan

doi:10.1016/j.jml.2011.02.004

Cited by 105 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This is consistent with the findings of Boston et al (2011), who reported higher rates of regressions and longer fixation durations for words that were difficult according to these measures. Hence, our results show that syntactic effects that can be found in classical eyetracking measures can also be recovered with the scanpath measure proposed by von der Malsburg and Vasishth (2011); this is an important finding for the questions posed originally by Frazier and Rayner (1982) regarding the effect of parsing difficulty on eye movement patterns. In previous work, von der Malsburg and showed that the scanpath measure can help to clarify one specific problem in psycholinguistic research: the function of regressive eye movement patterns in relatively difficult garden-path sentences.…”

Section: Effects Of Syntactic Processing Difficultysupporting

confidence: 70%

“…However, these measures have been developed with scene perception data in mind and their suitability for reading data has so far not been investigated. A brief discussion of the measure by Cristino et al can be found in von der Malsburg and Vasishth (2011).…”

Section: Analyzing Scanpaths In Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal of the study by von der Malsburg and Vasishth (2011) was to identify the scanpath correlates of syntactic reanalysls-the signature scanpath that Meseguer et al (2002) tried to identify. To this end, von der Malsburg and Vasishth reexamined the data collected by Meseguer and colleagues using the scanpath measure described above.…”

Section: Analyzing Scanpaths In Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two models that assume such a trade-off between speed and accuracy are the SWIFT model of oculo-motor control in reading (Engbert et al, 2005) and the Bayesian model by Bicknell and Levy (2010). Whatever the underlying mechanism might be, sentences with many short words should elicit more irregular scanpath patterns than sentences with long words-a prediction that we can test using the scanpath approach by von der Malsburg and Vasishth (2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Determinants of Scanpath Regularity in Reading

2014

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Scanpaths have played an important role in classic research on reading behavior. Nevertheless, they have largely been neglected in later research perhaps due to a lack of suitable analytical tools. Recently, von der Malsburg and Vasishth (2011) proposed a new measure for quantifying differences between scanpaths and demonstrated that this measure can recover effects that were missed with the traditional eyetracking measures. However, the sentences used in that study were difficult to process and scanpath effects accordingly strong. The purpose of the present study was to test the validity, sensitivity, and scope of applicability of the scanpath measure, using simple sentences that are typically read from left to right. We derived predictions for the regularity of scanpaths from the literature on oculomotor control, sentence processing, and cognitive aging and tested these predictions using the scanpath measure and a large database of eye movements. All predictions were confirmed: Sentences with short words and syntactically more difficult sentences elicited more irregular scanpaths. Also, older readers produced more irregular scanpaths than younger readers. In addition, we found an effect that was not reported earlier: Syntax had a smaller influence on the eye movements of older readers than on those of young readers. We discuss this interaction of syntactic parsing cost with age in terms of shifts in processing strategies and a decline of executive control as readers age. Overall, our results demonstrate the validity and sensitivity of the scanpath measure and thus establish it as a productive and versatile tool for reading research.

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Section: Effects Of Syntactic Processing Difficultysupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Analyzing Scanpaths In Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analyzing Scanpaths In Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Determinants of Scanpath Regularity in Reading

2014

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“…In contrast, it could be that visual re-sampling during re-reading may be much more critical for comprehension for less cautious reading for which recognition of words during firstpass may not always be accurate (see Bicknell & Levy, 2010). For example, the presence of meaningful text during re-reading may be especially important when accurate encoding in memory fails, for example, following mind wandering (Reichle, Reineberg, & Schooler, 2010) or when a word beyond wordn-1 in the text is initially misidentified, for example, mistaken for a word neighbor (Bicknell & Levy, 2010, 2011Levy, Bicknell, Slattery, & Rayner, 2009). As Booth and Weger (2013) suggest, readers may simply learn that they can depend on re-processing the visual input during re-reading.…”

Section: Sentence Comprehensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous rereading within sentences: Eye movement control and visual sampling.

White

Lantz

Paterson

2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Three experiments examine the role of previously read text in sentence comprehension and the control of eye movements during spontaneous re-reading. Spontaneous re-reading begins with a regressive saccade and involves re-inspection of previously read text. All three experiments employed the gaze contingent change technique to modulate the availability of previously read text. In Experiment 1 previously read text was permanently masked either immediately to the left of the fixated word (beyond wordn) or more than one word to the left (beyond wordn-1). The results of Experiment 1 indicate that the availability of the word immediately to the left (wordn-1) is important for comprehension. Experiments 2 and 3 further explored the role of previously read text beyond wordn-1. In these studies text beyond wordn-1 was replaced, retaining only word length information, or word length and shape information. Following a regression back within a sentence, meaningful text either re-appeared or remained unavailable during re-reading. The experiments show that the visual format of text beyond wordn-1 (the parafoveal postview) is important for triggering regressions. The results also indicate that, as least for more complex sentences, the availability of meaningful text is important in driving eye movement control during rereading. Keywords: re-reading, eye movements, regressionsSpontaneous re-reading within sentences 2 Considerable research has been undertaken into the nature of word recognition and eye movement control as the eyes initially move forward through text (Rayner, 2009).Models of eye movement control now provide good accounts of such "first-pass" reading behavior (Engbert, Longtin, & Kliegl, 2002, Reichle, Pollatsek, Fisher, & Rayner, 1998.Some research has also been undertaken into the processes underlying the re-reading that occurs for repeated readings of text (Hyönä, & Niemi, 1990;Raney, & Rayner, 1995).However compared to studies of reading during first-pass, relatively few studies have examined eye movement control for spontaneous re-reading. That is, re-reading of previously read text that occurs following a spontaneous regression back in the text. Ten to fifteen percent of fixations during reading are regressive (Rayner, 2009), hence spontaneous re-reading is a key aspect of the reading process.Re-reading may occur as a result of processing difficulty associated with text comprehension (e.g. Just & Carpenter, 1980; for a review see Clifton, Staub, & Rayner, 2007) or falling confidence in the identity of previously read words (Bicknell & Levy, 2010). Models of eye movement control predict that post-lexical processing modulates the likelihood of regressing back in the text (Engelmann, Vasishth, Engbert, & Kliegl, 2013;Reichle, Warren, & McConnell, 2009). However it is notoriously difficult to study the mechanisms underlying spontaneous re-reading as it does not always occur, and when it does occur, the timing and location of the re-reading is variable (von der Malsburg, Kliegl, & Vasishth, 2015; ...

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Monolingual and Bilingual Reading Processes in Russian: An Exploratory Scanpath Analysis

Parshina

Sekerina

Lopukhina

et al. 2021

Reading Research Quarterly

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In the present study, we used a scanpath approach to investigate reading processes and factors that can shape them in monolingual Russian‐speaking adults, 8‐year‐old children, and bilingual Russian‐speaking readers. We found that monolingual adults’ eye movement patterns exhibited a fluent scanpath reading process, representing effortless processing of the written material: They read straight from left to right at a fast pace, skipped words, and regressed rarely. Both high‐proficiency heritage‐language speakers’ and second graders’ eye movement patterns exhibited an intermediate scanpath reading process, characterized by a slower pace, longer fixations, an absence of word skipping, and short regressive saccades. Second‐language learners and low‐proficiency heritage‐language speakers exhibited a beginner reading process that involved the slowest pace, even longer fixations, no word skipping, and frequent rereading of the whole sentence and of particular words. We suggest that unlike intermediate readers who use the respective process to resolve local processing difficulties (e.g., word recognition failure), beginner readers, in addition, experience global‐level challenges in semantic and morphosyntactic information integration. Proficiency in Russian for heritage‐language speakers and comprehension scores for second‐language learners were the only individual difference factors predictive of the scanpath reading process adopted by bilingual speakers. Overall, the scanpath analysis revealed qualitative differences in scanpath reading processes among various groups of readers and thus adds a qualitative dimension to the conventional quantitative evaluation of word‐level eye‐tracking measures.

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What is the scanpath signature of syntactic reanalysis?

Cited by 105 publications

References 35 publications

Determinants of Scanpath Regularity in Reading

Determinants of Scanpath Regularity in Reading

Spontaneous rereading within sentences: Eye movement control and visual sampling.

Monolingual and Bilingual Reading Processes in Russian: An Exploratory Scanpath Analysis

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