What is the role of the accessibility of wood hydroxyl groups in controlling moisture content?

Rautkari, Lauri; Hill, Callum A. S.; Curling, Simon; Jalaludin, Zaihan; Ormondroyd, Graham

doi:10.1007/s10853-013-7434-2

Cited by 110 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As deuterium ( 2 H) is about 1 g/mol heavier than protium ( 1 H), the material dry mass increases slightly upon deuteration (* 1% for untreated wood), which can only be measured with enough accuracy using very sensitive balances. Therefore, vapourphase deuteration has been used on untreated wood in an early-stage sorption balance (Taniguchi et al 1978) as well as recently on untreated (Thybring et al 2017) and modified wood (Popescu et al 2014;Rautkari et al 2013) using modern automated sorption balances, yielding information about how many hydroxyls are accessible for water. It should be noted, however, that not all accessible hydroxyls will have their hydrogen exchanged.…”

Section: Automated Sorption Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental techniques for characterising water in wood covering the range from dry to fully water-saturated

2017

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Water plays a central role in wood research, since it affects all material properties relevant to the performance of wood materials. Therefore, experimental techniques for characterising water within wood are an essential part of nearly all scientific investigations of wood materials. This review focuses on selected experimental techniques that can give deeper insights into various aspects of water in wood in the entire moisture domain from dry to fully water-saturated. These techniques fall into three broad categories: (1) gravimetric techniques that determine how much water is absorbed, (2) fibre saturation techniques that determine the amount of water within cell walls, and (3) spectroscopic techniques that provide insights into chemical wood-water interactions as well as yield information on water distribution in the macro-void wood structure. For all techniques, the general measurement concept is explained, its history in wood science as well as advantages and limitations.

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Section: Automated Sorption Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental techniques for characterising water in wood covering the range from dry to fully water-saturated

2017

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“…The reduction of swelling in the control specimens was likely due to hornification (Matsuda et al 1994;Park et al 2006;Rautkari et al 2013). Hornification results in a tightly bound fiber structure in which some of the polar sites previously available for water sorption do not open upon rewetting, decreasing -OH group accessibility (Scallan 1977;Crawshaw and Cameron 2000;Esteban et al 2005;Rautkari et al 2013;Pönni et al 2014).…”

Section: Mass Loss and Dimensional Stability After Re-wetting Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Dimensional Stability of Thermally Modified Wood Affected by Re-Wetting Cycles

Čermák¹,

Rautkari²,

Horáček³

et al. 2015

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The dimensional stability of thermally modified wood exposed to several wetting-drying cycles was analyzed. Specimens of dimensions 15×15 ×15 mm were thermally modified at 180 and 200 °C. The mass loss and chemical composition of the wood were determined in order to evaluate the effect and degree of modification. Afterwards, the radial, tangential, and volumetric swelling, anti-swelling efficiency, water absorption, water repellence efficiency, and mass loss due to wetting-drying cycles were determined and compared. The specimen's mass tended to decrease with each additional rewetting cycle. Additional extractives that were formed via thermal decomposition leached out during wetting cycles. Thermal modification positively affected the dimensional stability of all investigated species. The wood's swelling was reduced, a result attributed to hemicellulose degradation. Dimensional stability was improved by 24 to 30% following mild treatment and by 26 to 54% following more severe treatment. When specimens were exposed to six consecutive rewetting cycles, the swelling of the modified wood increased, whereas it slightly decreased for the control (hornification). The effective dimensional stability of thermally modified wood was reduced by 34 and 28.4% for beech, 47 and 19.6% for poplar, and 19.3 and 24.5% for spruce compared to the initial anti-swelling efficiency following the first wetting cycle.

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“…The moisture behavior of wood is controlled by a complex mechanism (Rautkari et al 2013). Based on the literature, the good penetration, effective size, and uniform distribution of nano-ZnO may reduce the hygroscopicity and improve the dimensional stability (Clausen et al 2009(Clausen et al , 2010Freeman and McIntyre 2008).…”

Section: Anti-swelling Efficiency (Ase) -Water Repellency Effectivenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the hemicelluloses are the most labile and hydrophilic wood polymer. Hence, reduced hygroscopicity could resulted in degradation and washout of hemicelluloses due to the nano-ZnO treatment (Rautkari et al 2013).…”

Section: Anti-swelling Efficiency (Ase) -Water Repellency Effectivenementioning

confidence: 99%

Water Repellent Effect and Dimension Stability of Beech Wood Impregnated with Nano-Zinc Oxide

et al. 2013

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The objective of this study was to quantify the influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) on the water repellency and dimensional stability of beech wood. Beech wood blocks were treated with a nanoZnO solution at four treatment levels (0, 10,000, 20,000, and 40,000 ppm) using a modified dip method. Also, a thermal treatment was performed at 60 and 120 °C. After conditioning the samples, water absorption, volumetric swelling, water repellency effectiveness, and antishrink/anti-swell efficiency were determined within 24 h of soaking time. The results indicated that the nano-ZnO used for wood modification greatly improved dimensional stability and reduced the hygroscopicity of the wood. In addition, the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis suggested a strong interaction between the nano-ZnO and the chemical components of wood. The heat treatment effectively improved the effects of nano-ZnO.

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What is the role of the accessibility of wood hydroxyl groups in controlling moisture content?

Cited by 110 publications

References 20 publications

Experimental techniques for characterising water in wood covering the range from dry to fully water-saturated

Experimental techniques for characterising water in wood covering the range from dry to fully water-saturated

Analysis of Dimensional Stability of Thermally Modified Wood Affected by Re-Wetting Cycles

Water Repellent Effect and Dimension Stability of Beech Wood Impregnated with Nano-Zinc Oxide

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