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Objective: To determine the extent of pharmacy serv ices and drug usage for Hospital-in-the-Home (HITH) programs in Victoria. M ethod: In 1997, 42 Victorian hospital pharmacies with H IT H services were surveyed by a questionnaire on services and drug usage over the previous six months. R esults: O f the 29 hospital pharm acies which re sponded, 5 were not providing services, 16 provided 6-m onth drug usage data and 15 provided drug ex penditure data. Pharmacy staffing varied from a dedi cated H IT H pharm acist actively involved in patient management to no pharmacy involvement beyond drug dispensing. The range of pharmacy services provided included: preparation of intravenous additives; devel opm ent of drug and adm inistration protocols; care plans (including allergy and anaphylaxis procedures); supply of information regarding drug stability, storage and appliances, and consumer medicine information; patient counselling; therapeutic drug monitoring; and dosing advice.T he data on drug usage and pharmaceutical ex penditure was compromised by the inability of some pharmacies to identify H IT H patients and inconsistent inclusion of non-drug items. The range of drugs dis pensed to H IT H patients was broad, reflecting con current medical conditions and individual hospital prac tices. The most commonly dispensed parenteral drugs were ceftriaxone, cephazolin, dalteparin, flucloxacillin and vancomycin -reflecting the most common indica tions for H ITH . Conclusion: H IT H is an emerging alternative to in hospital patient management resulting in more patients being managed in the community. This creates an op portunity for hospital-based health professional serv ices to go beyond the hospital boundaries. Unlike the US, pharmacy services in H IT H in Victoria are still evolving. A ust J H osp Pharm 1999; 29: 16-19.
Objective: To determine the extent of pharmacy serv ices and drug usage for Hospital-in-the-Home (HITH) programs in Victoria. M ethod: In 1997, 42 Victorian hospital pharmacies with H IT H services were surveyed by a questionnaire on services and drug usage over the previous six months. R esults: O f the 29 hospital pharm acies which re sponded, 5 were not providing services, 16 provided 6-m onth drug usage data and 15 provided drug ex penditure data. Pharmacy staffing varied from a dedi cated H IT H pharm acist actively involved in patient management to no pharmacy involvement beyond drug dispensing. The range of pharmacy services provided included: preparation of intravenous additives; devel opm ent of drug and adm inistration protocols; care plans (including allergy and anaphylaxis procedures); supply of information regarding drug stability, storage and appliances, and consumer medicine information; patient counselling; therapeutic drug monitoring; and dosing advice.T he data on drug usage and pharmaceutical ex penditure was compromised by the inability of some pharmacies to identify H IT H patients and inconsistent inclusion of non-drug items. The range of drugs dis pensed to H IT H patients was broad, reflecting con current medical conditions and individual hospital prac tices. The most commonly dispensed parenteral drugs were ceftriaxone, cephazolin, dalteparin, flucloxacillin and vancomycin -reflecting the most common indica tions for H ITH . Conclusion: H IT H is an emerging alternative to in hospital patient management resulting in more patients being managed in the community. This creates an op portunity for hospital-based health professional serv ices to go beyond the hospital boundaries. Unlike the US, pharmacy services in H IT H in Victoria are still evolving. A ust J H osp Pharm 1999; 29: 16-19.
The 1996 Medical Undergraduate course at Liverpool University provides the opportunity for second-year medical students to explore the importance of the roles of the personnel in the extended primary healthcare team. The community pharmacist is one such member that the students may not meet during a standard general practice attachment but who could have an important role in student understanding of the community. Community pharmacists appear to be an underused resource in undergraduate teaching. This paper describes a pilot study in which the students explored the role and potential of the community pharmacist. Students attending one Community Teaching Centre arranged to visit the local pharmacy with predefined and discussed learning objectives. They then returned after the visit to discuss their findings in a group environment. Evaluation demonstrated that this experience changed the students' perceptions and understanding of the role of the pharmacist. They felt encouraged to make more appropriate use of the pharmacist in the future, whilst becoming aware of the undervalued feelings of the pharmacists. The pharmacists were greatly encouraged by the initiative, believing it to be a worthwhile experience for the students, and encouraging better use of pharmacists in the future.
Background:The aim of this study is to analyze why home-care services provided by pharmacists have not been effectively utilized.Method: Questionnaires were submitted to home-care service users, physicians, visiting nurses and home-helpers and pharmacy directors. We studied whether gaps existed between users' needs, physicians' expectations of pharmacy services and pharmacists' awareness of the importance of pharmacy services. We also investigated whether a failure to recognize the importance of cooperation with pharmacists in home-care provision existed among physicians and nurses/home-helpers.Results: Users and physicians expect pharmacists to be more involved in counseling about home care and welfare services than home-visiting services. Pharmacists recognize home visiting services as being of greater importance than counseling about home care and welfare services. The results indicated that gaps existed between users' needs, the physicians' expectations and pharmacists' awareness of the importance of pharmacy services. In terms of cooperation with pharmacists, study results implied that: (i) nurses/homehelpers' awareness of pharmacists' home-visiting service is lower than that of physicians; (ii) physicians' expectations regarding pharmacists' participation in home care services is lower than that of nurses/home-helpers; (iii) over 70% of both groups recognize the necessity of pharmacists' home-visiting service. Conclusions:Pharmacists need to get more involved in counseling users about home care and welfare. Also, there should be a special focus on heightening nurses/homehelpers' awareness of pharmacists' home-visiting service and on raising physicians' expectations for pharmacists' participation in home care services to develop home-care related pharmacy services in Japan.
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